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Mizzou Anatomy Exam 3 Questions And 100%
Correct Answers
functions of the nervous system - ANSWER 1. collect information
- proccess and evaluate info3. respond to info
somatic sensory - ANSWER receives sensory information from skin, fascia, joints,skeletal muscles, special senses
visceral sensory - ANSWER sensation from organs, only stretch and tempature somatic motor - ANSWER "voluntary" nervous system: innervates skeletal muscle autonomic motor - ANSWER "involuntary" nervous system: innervates cardiac muscle,smooth muscle, glands
neurons - ANSWER Cells that transmit electrical message from one area of the body toanother area.
neuron = - ANSWER nerve cell dendrite - ANSWER the bushy, branching extensions of a neuron that receive messagesand conduct impulses toward the cell body
soma - ANSWER cell body of a neuron
myelin - ANSWER insulates axon, helps speed up signal through axon pathway a nerve travels through neuron - ANSWER dendrite, cell body, axon, axonterminal
synapase - ANSWER where one neuron meets another chemical synapse - ANSWER use neurotransmitters electrical synapse - ANSWER rely on flow of ions at gap junctions ependymal cells - ANSWER produce cerebrospinal fluid microglia cell - ANSWER defense cells oligodendrocytes cell - ANSWER myelinated axons astrocytes cell - ANSWER blood brain barrier most common a myelinated axon - ANSWER schwann cell group of axons - ANSWER nerve fasicles group of nerve fasicles - ANSWER nerve nerve fascicles - ANSWER
white mater - ANSWER myelinated outside of SCinside of brain
diencephalon - ANSWER contains hypothalmus and thalamus know as inbetween brain contains 3rd ventricle make up the diencephalon - ANSWER lateral walls - thalmus floor- hypothalamusroof- eplthalamus
thalmus - ANSWER gateway to cerebral cortexlargest part of diencephalon filters somatosenosory, visual and auditory info (not smell) any part of brain that communicates with cerebral cortex must go through... - ANSWERthalamus
functions of hypothalamus - ANSWER Master control of the autonomic nervous system Master control of the endocrine systemRegulation of body temperature Control of emotional behavior Control of food intakeControl of water intake Regulation of sleep-wake (circadian) rhythms
epithalamus - ANSWER contains the pineal gland cerebrum - ANSWER divied into left and right hemisphere contains lobes of brain gyri - ANSWER ridges sulci - ANSWER shallow grooves central sulcus - ANSWER separates frontal and parietal lobes parietal-occipital sulcus - ANSWER separates parietal and occipital lobes lateral sulcus - ANSWER Separates temporal lobe from parietal and frontal lobes primary somatosensory area - ANSWER postcentral gyrusmakes you aware that you are "sitting in a chair"
primary visual cortex - ANSWER occipital lobe primary auditory cortex - ANSWER the region of the superior temporal lobe whoseprimary input is from the auditory system
primary motor cortex - ANSWER precentral gyruscontrols skeletal muscle movement
meninges - ANSWER membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord CSF - ANSWER cushions brain and circulate through ventricles BBB - ANSWER protects brain from exposure to toxins pia mater - ANSWER Innermost layer of the meninges covers the brain arachnoid mater - ANSWER middle layer of the meninges appears like a spider web subarachnoid space - ANSWER a space in the meninges beneath the arachnoidmembrane and above the pia mater that contains the cerebrospinal fluid
dura mater - ANSWER thick, outermost layer of the meninges surrounding andprotecting the brain and spinal cord
from outermost to inward meninge layers - ANSWER dura arachnoidsubarachoid pia dural venous sinuses - ANSWER drain blood from brain and drain into the internaljugular veins
superior sagittal sinus - ANSWER
Striaght sinus - ANSWER transverse sinus - ANSWER sigmoid sinus - ANSWER function of ventricles - ANSWER making and circulating CSF lateral ventricles - ANSWER A set of paired ventricles lying within the cerebralhemispheres.
where is CSF made - ANSWER choroid plexus 4 types of nerve plexus - ANSWER cervicalbrachial lumbar sacral list cranial nerves in order - ANSWER olfactoryoptic oculomotor trochleartrigeminal abducens facialvestibulocochlear glossopharyngeal
ptosis - ANSWER drooping eye Diplopia - ANSWER double vision functions of cranial nerves - ANSWER -smell-vision -eye movement -superior oblique (EM)- v1- eye, v2 cheek v3 jaw 2/3 of tongue not taste
- lateral rectus (EM)- taste 2/3 front and facial expressions
- hearing and balance
- 1/3 taste and swallowing- organ sensation and swallowing, speech ??
- moves head and neck
- tongue muscle movement origin of cranial nerves - ANSWER nasal cavity retinamidbrain midbrain sensory receptorspons ponsinner ear medulla
medulla rootless of cervical plexus medulla `damage to CN 12 - ANSWER deviated tongue, tongue steers toward affected side damage to CN 7 - ANSWER Bell's Palsy, half of face droops and has weakness diagram of tongue - ANSWER know where CN are visceral motor cranial nerves - ANSWER CN3- controls pupil sizeCN 7 -lacrimal and salivary glands (produce tears and saliva) CN 9- salivary glands (parotid) CN 10 -movement of organs function of external ear - ANSWER receives sound waves auricle or pinna and external auditory meatus middle ear - ANSWER contains malleus, incus and stapes or ( hammer, anvil and stirrup) malleus - ANSWER hammer; first of the three auditory ossicles of the middle ear incus - ANSWER anvil; middle of the three auditory ossicles of the middle ear stapes - ANSWER stirrup; last of the three auditory ossicles of the middle ear,connected to oval window
coclear nerve - ANSWER travels through axis of cochlea and carries sound directly tobrain
ear - ANSWER auditory tube (eustachian tube) - ANSWER channel between the middle ear and thenasopharynx
Where is the basilar membrane located? - ANSWER cochlear duct conductive hearing loss - ANSWER -external and middle ear issues
- sounds like volume turned down
- cause= earwax buildup or fluid in middle ear sensorineural hearing loss - ANSWER hearing loss caused by damage to the cochlea'sreceptor cells or to the auditory nerves; also called nerve deafness
- sounds like things arent tuned correctly
- cause = damage to hair cells in cochlea (too loud music) ampullae - ANSWER in semicircular canals and is a receptor for movment vision - ANSWER dominant sense conjuctiva - ANSWER mucous membrane that lines the eyelids and outer surface of theeyeball
conjuctivitis - ANSWER inflammation of the conjunctiva (pink eye)
lacrimal apparatus - ANSWER the structures that produce, store, and remove tears tear flow - ANSWER lacrimal gland, nasolacrimal duct and nasal cavity = runny nosewhen we cry
lateral rectus - ANSWER abducts eye medial rectus - ANSWER moves eye medially superior rectus - ANSWER elevates eye and turns it medially inferior rectus - ANSWER depresses eye and turns it medially inferior oblique - ANSWER elevates eye and turns it laterally superior oblique - ANSWER depresses eye and turns it laterally inferior and superior oblique do... - ANSWER opposite of their name optic chiasm - ANSWER point at which optic nerve fibers cross in the brain optic tract - ANSWER How information from the optic nerve travels to the thalamus. sclera - ANSWER white of the eye tough outer layerprotects eye
made up of pidmental and neural layer pigmented layer - ANSWER Outer layer, absorbs light and prevents its scattering, andstores vitamin A.
neural layer - ANSWER contains photoreceptors, bipolar cells, and ganglion cells,connects to optic nerve and contains rods and cones
rods - ANSWER work best in dim light, more rods than cones cones - ANSWER used in color visionbright light cone shaped retina contains 3 structures - ANSWER macula lutea fovea centrallis optic disk macula lutea - ANSWER posterior portion of eye highest concentration of cones fovea centralis - ANSWER center of macula lutea; produces sharpest vision optic disk - ANSWER know as blind spot does not contain any photorecptors lens - ANSWER avascualr, transparent disk change to adjust shape
anterior champer - ANSWER aqueus humor of eye posterior chamber of eye - ANSWER vitreous humor what is importance of the aqueus and vitreous humor - ANSWER help maintainintraocular pressure help with detached retina cililary muscles when looking far away - ANSWER are relaxed and lens is flattened ciliary muscles when looking close (accomodation) - ANSWER are contracted lens isspherical
presbyopia - ANSWER impaired vision as a result of aging- lens becomes less flexible binocular vision defect - ANSWER vision field from left and right eye overlap creatingtwo different messages from same picture
urinary system includes - ANSWER kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra functions of urinary system - ANSWER excretion, elimination, homeostatic regulation kidney - ANSWER beans shaped protected by floating ribs 11 and 12 renal cortex - ANSWER outer region of the kidney
glomerulus is involved in - ANSWER filtration everything but glomerulus is involved in - ANSWER reabsorption and secretion urine flow through kidney - ANSWER renal pyramid, papilla, minor calyx, major calyx,renal pelvis, ureter, urinary tract
ureters - ANSWER tubes that exit out of renal hilum, travel toward bladder kidney stones - ANSWER Solid crystalline masses formed in the kidney, resulting froman excess of insoluble salts or uric acid crystallizing in the urine; may become trapped anywhere along the urinary tract. structures of urinary bladder - ANSWER trigone detrusor muscle trigone of bladder - ANSWER This area forms the floor of the bladder detrusor muscle - ANSWER the smooth muscle layers of the bladder urethra - ANSWER tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body male urethra is longer with 3 parts - ANSWER prostatic- passes through prostate membranous- passes through pelvic diaphramspongy urethra- located in penis
micturition (urination) - ANSWER The process by which urine is expelled from the body,controlled by brain
needs relaxation from internal and external sphincter inguinal canal - ANSWER the channel through which the testis descends into thescrotum in the male
perineum in female - ANSWER in females, the area between the anus and the vagina perineum in male - ANSWER area between the scrotum and anus anal triangle - ANSWER posterior half of the perineum, bounded by ischial tuberosityand coccyx
general name of sex organs - ANSWER genitalia testes - ANSWER produce sperm ovaries - ANSWER Glands that produce the egg cells and hormones external male genitalia - ANSWER scrotum and penis external female genitalis - ANSWER mons pubis, labias, clitoris and opening of vaginaand urethra
gonads - ANSWER testes and ovaries ovaries release - ANSWER estrogen testies produce - ANSWER testosterone
