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Milady's Cosmetology Practice Exams +6 00 Questions
With Verified Answers A+ GRADED
Bacteria One-celled microorganisms having both plant and animal characteristics some are harmful and some are harmless. Direct Transmission Transmission of blood or body fluids through touching (including shaking hands),kissing,coughing, sneezing, and talking. Indirect transmission Transmission of blood or body fluids through contact with an intermediate contaminated object, such as a razor, extractor,nipper, or an environmental surface. Infection Invasion of body tissues by disease-causing pathogens. Germs Nonscientific synonym for disease-producing organs Microorganism Any organism of microscopic to submicroscopic size.
Parasites Organisms that grow,feed, and shelter on or in another organism (referred to as the host),while contributing nothing to the survival of that organism. Parasites must have a host to survive. Toxins Various poisonous substance produced by some microorganisms (bacteria and viruses). Virus A parasitic submicroscopic particle that infects and resides in cells of biological organisms. A virus is capable of replication only though taking over the host cell's reproductive function. Cocci Round shaped, alone Staphylococci Clusters like bunches of grapes, may not cause infection in healthy humans. Causes pustules, and boils. Streptococci Pus-forming arranged in curved lines like string of beads. Causes strep throat and blood poisoning.
Quats are disinfectants that are very effective when used properly in the salon. Formula contains anti- rust ingredients, so leaving tools in solution for a prolonged period of time can cause dulling or damage. (Barbicide) Phenolic Disinfectants Form of formaldehyde, high pH and can damage skin or eyes. Known as carcinogens. Sodium hypochlorite Bleach Porous An item that is made or constructed of a material that has pores or openings. Absorbent. Examples would be; towels, linens, nail files or buffers. Chelating soaps Works to break down stubborn films and remove the residue of pedicure products such as scrubs, salts, and masks. 1 gallon 128 ounces 5 gallons 640 ounces
Antiseptics Chemical formulated for use on the skin registered and formulated by the FDA. Asymptomatic Showing no symptom or signs of infection. Trichology Study of hair, skin, and glands. A mature hair strand is divided into two parts Hair Root and Hair Shaft Hair Root Part of hair located below the surface of the epidermis. Hair bulb lowest part of a hair strand. It is thickened, club-shaped that forms the lower part of the hair root. Lower part of the hair bulb fits over and covers the derma papilla. Hair Shaft Portion of the hair that projects above the epidermis.
carbon Hair is 21% oxygen Hair is 6% hydrogen Hair is 17% Nitrogen Hair is 5% Sulfur Amino Acids Units joined together end to end like pop beads. Peptide Bond Known as end bond. Long chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds are called Polypeptide chain
Proteins Long coiled complex polypeptide Hydrogen Bond Physical, cross-linked bond that is easily broken by water or heat. Salt bond Weak, physical, cross linked bond between adjacent polypeptide chains. Disulfide Bond Strong chemical, side bond that is very different from the physical bond of a hydrogen bond or salt bond. Broken by thio perms, hydroxide relaxers, extreme heat. Eumelanin Dark brown-black color to hair. Pheomelanin Red and ginger color to hair to yellow and blond tones. Wave Pattern
Brief transition period between the growth and the resting phase of the hair follicle. Telogen Phase Resting Phase, final phase of the hair cycle lasts up to 3-6 months. Hair Texture Thickness in diameter of the individual hair strand. Hair Density Measures the number of individual strands on 1 square inch (2.5 cm) of the scalp. Hair Porosity Ability of the hair to absorb moisture. Hydrophobic A resistance to being penetrated by moisture. Hydrophillic Porous hair that is easily absorbed by moisture. Elasticity Ability of hair to stretch and return to its original length without breaking.
Hair Stream hair flowing in the same direction, resulting from follicles sloping in the same direction. Androgenic Alopecia Hair loss that is characterized by miniaturization of terminal hair that is converted into vellus hair. Alopecia Areata Autoimmune disorder that causes affected hair follicles to be mistakenly attacked by a persons own immune system. Hypertrichosis Condition of abnormal hair growth. Ringed hair alternating bands of gray and pigmented hair hair throughout length of the hair strand. Trichoptilosis the technical term for slit ends. Trichorrhexis Nodosa Knotted Hair
technical term for ringworm Tinea favosa dry, sulfur-yellow, cup like crust on the scalp called scatula. Furuncle term for boil, localized bacterial infection of the hair follicle. Carbuncle Inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue caused by staphylococci. Reference points Mark where the surface of the head changes, such as; ears, jawline, occipital bone, or apex. Lines to establish guidelines. Parietal Ridge Widest area of the head, starting at the temples and ending at the bottom of the crown. Found by placing a comb flat on the side of the head. Occipital Bone Bone that protrudes at the base of the skull.
Apex Highest point of the head. Comb will rest on the highest point. Four Corners Located when two combs is placed flat against the side and back, and then locating the back corner at the point where the two combs meet. Line thin continuous mark used as a guide Angle Space between two lines or surfaces Horizontal lines used to create one-length and low elevation haircuts and to add weight. Vertical lines Creates height in hair design. Makes a hairstyle appear longer and narrower as the eye follow the lines up and down. Curved Lines Lines moving in a semi-circular direction, soften a design. Theses lines can be large or small, a full circle, or just part of a circle.
The area surrounding the form or the area the hairstyle occupies. Design Texture Wave pattern that must be taken into consideration when designing a style. Dark and cool colors Recede or move in toward the head , creating an illusion of less volume. Light and warmer colors Dimension and depth is created when colors are lighter and warmer alternate with those that are darker and cooler. Proportion Comparative relationship of one thing to another. Ex. A person with a very small chin and very wide forehead might be said to have a head shape that is not in ____. Balance Establishing equal or appropriate proportions to create symmetry. ______ can be symmetrical or asymmetrical. Symmetrical Balance Occurs when an imaginary line is drawn through the center of the face and the two resulting halves form a mirror image of one another.
Asymmetrical Balance Established when two imaginary halves of a hairstyle have an equal visual weight, but are positioned unevenly. Rhythm Regular pulsation or recurrent pattern of movement in a design. Ex. A fast rhythm moves quickly;tight curls. A slow rhythm can be in long waves. Emphasis Known as focus, design that draws the eye first, this can be created by wave pattern, color, change in form, ornamentation. Harmony Creation of unity in a design and is the most important of the art principle. Holds all the elements of the design together. Profile The outline of the face, head,or figure seen in side view. Straight profile Face when viewed in profile is neither convex or concave although even in a straight profile has a very slight curvature.
Ingredients in most shampoo, (base detergent). Humectants Substance that absorbs moisture or promote the retention of moisture. Mostly in conditioners. Elevation Known as projection or lifting, angle or degree at which subsection of hair is held. Creates graduation and layers, and usually described in degrees. Part/Parting Line dividing the hair at the scalp, separating one section of hair from another, creating subsections. Cutting Line The angle which the fingers are held when the cutting line that creates the end shape. Guideline Also known as guide, section of hair that determines the length the hair will be cut. Perimeter The outer line, of the haircut. Interior
Inner or internal line of the cut. Stationery guideline Does not move, all other stations are combed to the stationary guideline and cut at the same angle and length. Traveling guideline Movable guideline, moves as haircut progresses. Used when creating a layered or graduated haircut. Over direction Occurs when combing hair away from its natural falling position. Hair line The hair that grows at the outermost perimeter along the face, around ears, and on the neck. Growth pattern Direction in which the hair grows from the scalp. Cast Shears that are made by a process whereby molten steel is poured onto mold. Forged
