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Old Definition of
Impairment
what is missing or not working properly TERM 2
Old Definition of
Disability
DEFINITION 2 things that couldn't be done because of the impairment TERM 3
Old Definition of
Handicap
DEFINITION 3 negative impact of disability TERM 4
New
Definition
DEFINITION 4 goes by the biopsychosocial modelinteractions between health conditions and contextual factors TERM 5
Human Function
DEFINITION 5 functioning at he level of a body or body partthe whole person in a social context
Disability of Human Functioning
dysfunctioning at one or more of these levels:impairments, activity limitations, participation restrictions TERM 7
Patient-Centered Approach
DEFINITION 7 more than just fitting HAs and assessing hearing ability TERM 8
Thinking About the Person
DEFINITION 8 age, gender, SES, life stage, race/ethnicity/culture, life factors, deaf/hoh, psychological well-being, other hearing related complaints, social/vocational/home communication difficulties, etc. TERM 9
Impact of HL on Young Adulthood
DEFINITION 9 reassess dreamsself-doubt about finding a life partner TERM 10
Impact of HL on the 30s
DEFINITION 10 energy not invested in reassessmenthesitation about change
Other Factors
cultural/linguisticgender TERM 17
Gender: Women
DEFINITION 17 females: family structure: feel that HL will diminish ability to care for kids older females: more reliant on nonverbal repair strategies value on communicating in social settings more likely to gauge emotional temp of situation friendly: repair strategies unfriendly: bluffing younger (35-45) view HAs more negatively vs older (75-85) TERM 18
Gender: Men
DEFINITION 18 males: family structure: may feel loss of means to provide financially middle/older men: poorer speech rec than women more likely to bluff in general TERM 19
Survey of 458 People w/
HL
DEFINITION 19 2/3 have trouble hearing TV3/4 found selves in situations where people or TV not loud enough1/4 stated HL affects their work<5% have asked employer for help re: HL1/4 said HL affected earning potential TERM 20
Deaf Culture
DEFINITION 20 needs different than hoh or deafservice needs may be more related to school/work accommodationsmay want to improve speaking skills
Adjustment to HL
4 stages: pre-hearing loss onset onset of hearing loss diagnosis adjustment TERM 22
1. Pre-HL Onset
DEFINITION 22 person has certain personality, SES, world viewlife factors set in place TERM 23
2. HL Onset
DEFINITION 23 time span between onset of HL and diagnosisoften onset goes undetectedmay feel they are not hearing wellfamily members may notice poorer hearing/communication TERM 24
3. Diagnosis
DEFINITION 24 HL identified, extent of problem revealedanxious, worriedextent to which social, vocational, and educational activities are explored TERM 25
4. Adjustment
DEFINITION 25 begin to adaptmay receive different services counseling psychosocial support assertiveness training speechreading/listening/communication strategies training AR may be focused on minimizing or solving communication problems identified in phase 3
ADA: Title
state and local governmentsguarantees equal access to services/programs/activities of public entitypublic entity: state or local government and all departments TERM 32
ADA: Title
DEFINITION 32 public accommodationsprohibits discrimination on basis of disability in activities in places of public accommodations - buisnesses that are generally open to public and fall into one of 12 categories listed ex: restaurants, movie theaters, schools, daycare, recreation, physiciannewly constructed places of public accommodation must be ADA compliant TERM 33
ADA: Title
DEFINITION 33 telecommunicationstelephone companies must provide telecommunication services to those who are deaf/hoh or speech-impairedclosed captioning all TVs 13" or larger must have captioning capabilities TERM 34
ADA: Title
DEFINITION 34 Miscellaneousexclusion of certain conditions transvestism, pedophilia, exhibitionism, compulsive gambling, pyromania, kleptomania, sexual behavior disorders, etc.protect people w/o disabilities if they seek to advocate on behalf of those w/ disabilitiesprevents "reverse discrimination""severability" TERM 35
Equal Employment Opportunity
DEFINITION 35 Title VII of Civil Rights Act of 1964: prevents employer discrimination on basis of race, color, religion, sex, national origintitle I and title V of ADA prevents employers from discriminating on basis of dsability
Speech Recognition
ability to perceive a spoken message and make decisions about its lexical composition using auditory and sometimes visual infopeople w/ HL usually experience loss of clarity leading to poorer ability to understand speech, especially in noise TERM 37
Mild HL and Speech Recognition
DEFINITION 37 quiet: fairly unaffectednoise: may decrease to 50% if PTA is 40dBHL, consonants may be missed - especially if HFHL TERM 38
Mild-to-Moderate HL and Speech Recognition
DEFINITION 38 quiet: will understand most - if face-to-face, known topic, constrained vocabnoise: may miss 50-75% if PTA is 40dBHL and 80-100% if PTA is 50dBHL TERM 39
Moderate HL and Speech Recognition
DEFINITION 39 may miss all or most of conversation w/o HAdifficulty in group situations TERM 40
Severe HL and Speech Recognition
DEFINITION 40 may not even hear voices, unless speech is loudDifficulty understanding speech w/ w/o amplification
Words
phonetically balanced word lists monosyllables that have CVC structure more difficult than phrases or sentencesallow wide range of skill to be assessed percentage of words repeated verbatim percentage of phonemes correct TERM 47
Phrases and Sentences
DEFINITION 47 high face validity TERM 48
Phrases and Sentences: Prosodic
Cues
DEFINITION 48 we listen to intonation, rate, and duration, all of which help us ID words and understand meaning TERM 49
Phrases and Sentences: Contextual Info
DEFINITION 49 words in a sentence provide contextual redundancyrecognition of some words facilitates recognition of others TERM 50
Phrases and Sentences: Coarticulation
DEFINITION 50 when words are spoken in a sentence, they blend together and vary as a function of what precedes and follows
Auditory Only, Vision Only, Auditory + Visual
ways we can assess person's speech understandingauditory only: can be in quiet and/or noisevision only: speaker should be in well-lit condition, facing patientauditory + visual: use both together to gain enhancement from speechreading TERM 52
Articulation Index/Audibility Index
DEFINITION 52 represents one form of speech reading quantification good for assessing benefit of amplificationweighting consistent with ANSI count dots above TH, multiply by 0.03 more dots w/in 30dB range of speech spectrum at 2k and 4k Hz TERM 53
Problems Relying on AI
DEFINITION 53 doesn't take other factors into consideration distortion, internal HA noise, doesn't indicate error types, 2 people with same speech understanding and AI can have different errorsreally just a test of audiblity TERM 54
Age-Related Changes in Speech
Perception
DEFINITION 54 rate of TH changes increases significantly w/ age TERM 55
Other Considerations w/ Speech Perception:
Pre vs Post Lingual
DEFINITION 55 post-lingually deafened: have pre-existing auditory maps onto which new auditory info can be builtpre-lingually deafened: may not necessarily have the skills for higher level auditory processing abilities that are likely result of early experience w/ auditory signals that these individuals do not getgreat variability in pre- lingually deafened adults
Cued Speech
sign for each phoneme in order to make phonemes visualfollows English language/grammarexpected outcomes: can range in auditory performance skill better performance than sign some transition completely to spoken language only w/o transliteration TERM 62
ASL/Deaf Community
DEFINITION 62 most visualcompletely visual language of its ownexpected outcomes may not have open-set recognition may have some environmental awareness may become a non-user TERM 63
Complex Listening Environments
DEFINITION 63 listener must figure out message/partner or interestparse out target message from noisemaintain attention to message while ignoring other noisemay switch/divide attention to other conversations/include other listeners TERM 64
Conditions Affecting Speech Understanding
DEFINITION 64 SNRnumber of masking voicessimilarity between target and masking noisespatial separationvisual speech cuesunderstandability of maskersfamiliarity w/ target talker/message TERM 65
Changes in Auditory System/SIN
DEFINITION 65 SNHL reduces ability to use spectral and temporal gaps in complex environmentSNHL affects ability to determine segregation of sound sources and spatial separation, ability to recognize/learn new voicescognitively-demanding
