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Biology Terminology: Definitions of Key Concepts in Biology, Quizzes of Biology

Definitions for various terms related to biology, including adaptations, superstition, scientific method, hypotheses, variables, bonds, ph, buffers, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, enzymes, amino acids, and nucleic acids.

Typology: Quizzes

2009/2010

Uploaded on 10/21/2010

demetrious26
demetrious26 🇺🇸

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TERM 1
All organisms have these
characteristics
DEFINITION 1
adaptations metabolism response
TERM 2
superstition
DEFINITION 2
Superstition is a credulous belief or notion, not based on
reason or knowledge.
TERM 3
scientific method
DEFINITION 3
1. make observations/collect data 2. form hypothesis 3.make
testable predictions 4. test hypothesis 5. draw
conclusion/evaluate hypothesis 6. publish data
TERM 4
after a hypothesis is tested...
DEFINITION 4
you accept, publish, modify, or reject the hypthesis
TERM 5
scientific hypothesis vs. scientific theory
DEFINITION 5
a hypothesis is tentative and a theory is well supported by
evidence
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All organisms have these

characteristics

adaptations metabolism response TERM 2

superstition

DEFINITION 2 Superstition is a credulous belief or notion, not based on reason or knowledge. TERM 3

scientific method

DEFINITION 3

  1. make observations/collect data 2. form hypothesis 3.make testable predictions 4. test hypothesis 5. draw conclusion/evaluate hypothesis 6. publish data TERM 4

after a hypothesis is tested...

DEFINITION 4 you accept, publish, modify, or reject the hypthesis TERM 5

scientific hypothesis vs. scientific theory

DEFINITION 5 a hypothesis is tentative and a theory is well supported by evidence

independent variable

It is a variable that stands alone and isn't changed by the other variables you are trying to measure controlled by experimenter TERM 7

dependent variable

DEFINITION 7 it is something that depends on other factors TERM 8

blind experiment

DEFINITION 8 A blind or blinded experiment is a scientific experiment where some of the persons involved are prevented from knowing certain information that might lead to conscious or unconscious bias on their part, invalidating the results. TERM 9

covalent bond

DEFINITION 9 A covalent bond is a form of chemical bonding that is characterized by the sharing of pairs of electrons between atoms, and other covalent bonds. TERM 10

hydrophilic

DEFINITION 10 A hydrophile, from the Greek (hydros) "water" and (philia) "love," is a molecule or other molecular entity that is attracted to, and tends to be dissolved by, water.

hydrogen bonds

A hydrogen bond is the attractive interaction of a hydrogen atom with an electronegative atom, such as nitrogen, oxygen or fluorine, that comes from another molecule or chemical group. TERM 17

cohesion (H2O)

DEFINITION 17 water clings to itself: surface tension TERM 18

Large Heat Capacity/thermal stability/

thermal lag (H2O)

DEFINITION 18 has to absorb much energy to warm up hydrogen bonds which have to be broken. helps organisms maintain stable body temp. stabilizes earth's temp. prevents extremes in temp. TERM 19

low density in solid form (H2O)

DEFINITION 19 hydrogen bonds hold molecules apart TERM 20

solvent (H2O)

DEFINITION 20 will dissolve any substance w/ polar covalent or ionic bonds (hydrophobic).

acids release ______ when dissociated

hydrogen ions TERM 22

bases release______ when dissociated

DEFINITION 22 OH-: hydroxy ions TERM 23

biology

DEFINITION 23 the study of life TERM 24

control group

DEFINITION 24 When an experiment is conducted for the purpose of determining the effect of a single variable of interest on a particular system, a scientific control is used to minimize the unintended influence of other variables on the same system. TERM 25

electron energy level

DEFINITION 25 1st level: 2 2nd level: 8 3rd level: 8

glycerol

Glycerol (or glycerin, glycerine) is a simple polyol compound. head region of fats TERM 32

fatty acids

DEFINITION 32 In chemistry, especially biochemistry, a fatty acid is a carboxylic acid with a long unbranched aliphatic tail (chain), which is either saturated or unsaturated. TERM 33

saturated fat

DEFINITION 33 Saturated fat is fat that consists of triglycerides containing only saturated fatty acid radicals. bad fat, not essential to health TERM 34

unsaturated fats

DEFINITION 34 An unsaturated fat is a fat or fatty acid in which there is at least one double bond within the fatty acid chain. high in calories, but reduce can lower cholesterol TERM 35

trans fat

DEFINITION 35 Trans fat is the common name for unsaturated fat with trans- isomer fatty acid(s). causes body to produce more cholesterol, raising the risk of heart disease

cholesterol

Cholesterol is a waxy steroid metabolite found in the cell membranes and transported in the blood plasma of all animals. TERM 37

phospholipids

DEFINITION 37 Phospholipids are a class of lipids and are a major component of all cell membranes as they can form lipid bilayers. TERM 38

protein

DEFINITION 38 chief building blocks of life uses: skin, feathers, horns, bones, muscles, fight invading microorganisms, stop you from bleeding to death (clots blood), control levels of sugar TERM 39

enzymes

DEFINITION 39 Enzymes are proteins that catalyze (i.e., increase or decrease the rates of) chemical reactions. TERM 40

amino acids

DEFINITION 40 Amino acids are molecules containing an amine group, a carboxylic acid group and a side chain that varies between different amino acids.

active site

In molecular biology the active site is part of an enzyme where substrates bind and undergo a chemical reaction. TERM 47

denaturation

DEFINITION 47 disruption of protein folding extremes in environment will denature proteins TERM 48

substrate

DEFINITION 48 In biochemistry, a substrate is a molecule upon which an enzyme acts. TERM 49

nucleic acids

DEFINITION 49 store information and made up of nucleotides TERM 50

nucleotides

DEFINITION 50 Nucleotides are molecules that, when joined together, make up the structural units of RNA and DNA.

DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid () (DNA) is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms with the exception of some viruses. TERM 52

RNA

DEFINITION 52 Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a biologically important type of molecule that consists of a long chain of nucleotide units. TERM 53

DNA

bases

DEFINITION 53 Nucleobases (or nucleotide bases/nitrogenous bases) are the parts of DNA and RNA that may be involved in pairing (see also base pairs). Adanine-Thymin cytosine-guanine