Docsity
Docsity

Prepare for your exams
Prepare for your exams

Study with the several resources on Docsity


Earn points to download
Earn points to download

Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan


Guidelines and tips
Guidelines and tips

Midterm #1 | HIST 420 - FASCISM IN EUROPE, Quizzes of World History

Class: HIST 420 - FASCISM IN EUROPE; Subject: History; University: Old Dominion University; Term: Spring 2011;

Typology: Quizzes

2010/2011

Uploaded on 02/26/2011

rhelv001
rhelv001 🇺🇸

4 documents

1 / 15

Toggle sidebar

This page cannot be seen from the preview

Don't miss anything!

bg1
TERM 1
Definition:
Fascism
DEFINITION 1
- authoritarian nationalist political + corporatist economic
ideology - only the strong can survive - "totalitarian" - ideas
+ practice= praxis - collectivism - ring-winged
TERM 2
Giovanni Gentile
DEFINITION 2
- "the philosopher of fascism" - minister of public instruction
(education)
TERM 3
Gentile Reform (1923)
DEFINITION 3
- complete educational reform - the NEW fascist citizen w/
states values - goal= forming future upper classes
TERM 4
Stanley Payne
DEFINITION 4
- generic fascism - "...useful only for the limited purpose of
comparison/distinction
TERM 5
Roger Griffin
DEFINITION 5
- Fascism= genus political ideology mythic core is
palingenetic form populist ultra-nationalism
pf3
pf4
pf5
pf8
pf9
pfa
pfd
pfe
pff

Partial preview of the text

Download Midterm #1 | HIST 420 - FASCISM IN EUROPE and more Quizzes World History in PDF only on Docsity!

Definition:

Fascism

  • authoritarian nationalist political + corporatist economic ideology - only the strong can survive - "totalitarian" - ideas
  • practice= praxis - collectivism - ring-winged TERM 2

Giovanni Gentile

DEFINITION 2

  • "the philosopher of fascism" - minister of public instruction (education) TERM 3

Gentile Reform (1923)

DEFINITION 3

  • complete educational reform - the NEW fascist citizen w/ states values - goal= forming future upper classes TERM 4

Stanley Payne

DEFINITION 4

  • generic fascism - "...useful only for the limited purpose of comparison/distinction TERM 5

Roger Griffin

DEFINITION 5

  • Fascism= genus political ideology mythic core is palingenetic form populist ultra-nationalism

Mythic Core

  • Italy= not based on blood - Germany= based on blood TERM 7

Emilio Gentile

DEFINITION 7

  • "experience of faith" - Fascism= SAVIOR of Italy from Bolshevism - "Believe, Obey, Fight" - idea of "conversion" of masses- desires and needs into state and not individual TERM 8

Emilio Gentile: Link to Morality

DEFINITION 8

  • state takes place of religion - political "religion" TERM 9

Alexander De Grand

DEFINITION 9

  • comparative concepts rather than distinct definitions TERM 10

Paradoxes

DEFINITION 10

  • national and international - reactionary and revolutionary (architecture) - public and private - rich continue to be rich (social classes remain) - evidence of populist theme

Italy in the Wake of War: Regency of Carnaro

  • short-lived gov't in Fiume - led by Gabriele D' Annunzio (romantic poet): opposition against Mussolini, declares war on Italy - helps to declare Fiume (modern-day Rijeka, Croatia) an independent state in Sep. 1919 TERM 17

Italy in the Wake of War: Treaties of Peace

DEFINITION 17

  • Treaty of St. Germaine 1920- w/ Austria: assigns Fiume as independent state - Treaty of Rapallo 1920: to solve desputes over territories in upper adriatic - Rome Agreement 1924: Mussolini takes back Fiume back as part of Italy TERM 18

"Ripe" for Fascism: Politics of the State?

DEFINITION 18

  • Border issues - Foreign policy - Parliamentary democracy TERM 19

"Ripe" for Fascism: Economy?

DEFINITION 19

  • Postwar - Modernization - North/South divide TERM 20

"Ripe" for Fascism?

DEFINITION 20

  • Military - Church relations - worker relations, socialism - Red Biennium: labor riots/strikes

Red Biennium

  • Beginning in Milan and spreading throughout - 2 "red years"
  • Mussolini suffers defeat in election TERM 22

Major Opponents of

Fascism

DEFINITION 22

  • Catholic Party (partito popolare italiano): Luigi Sturzo (priest) - Socialists: factions- maximalists and moderates TERM 23

Consolidating Fascist Power

DEFINITION 23

  • Fasces: peasant cooperatives/industrial workers' unions TERM 24

The RAS and the Squads

DEFINITION 24

  • RAS= fascist of the first order/ violent, leaders of the squads
  • Squads= "black shirts"/ imposing order/ lawless/ fascist shock troops, March on Rome 1922 TERM 25

The Legal State: Exceptional Decree

DEFINITION 25

  • calls on the gov't to make changes to fix economy - passed Nov. 1922

Special

Tribunal

  • death penalty - allowed to hold for suspicion TERM 32

Fascist Secret Police

(OVRA)

DEFINITION 32

  • created 1930 - vigilance and repression of anti-fascism TERM 33

Organizing the Economy

DEFINITION 33

  • fascist consolidation and disciplining the economy: syndicalism TERM 34

Syndicalism (Syndicalist Laws April 1926)

DEFINITION 34

  • economic system: federations collectivised trade unions/industrial unions - Alfredo Rocco: Rocco reforms- designed to discipline the economy TERM 35

Vidoni Pact (Oct. 1925)

DEFINITION 35

  • outlawed all trade unions except Fascist Party

A Corporatist Government

  • defense of the lira (Quota Novanta 1926): currency manipulation- 90 lira to 1 pound sterling - discipline of commerce: increased liscenses and controls - charter of labor (1927): labor court - Istituto Mobilaire Italiano 1930's: state takeover of banks - Istituto Ricostruzione Industriale1933: (IRI) consolidation of industry TERM 37

Autarky

DEFINITION 37

  • quality of being self-sufficient TERM 38

Society and Mentalite

DEFINITION 38

  • "believe, obey, fight" TERM 39

Educational Reform

DEFINITION 39

  • fascist youth: ONB, University Professors' Oaths TERM 40

ONB (Opera Nazionale Ballila)

DEFINITION 40

  • task of "reorganizing the youth from a moral and physical point of view" - ballila: (BOYS 8-14) nickname of perasso (boy who led revolt against Hapsburgs) additional schooling - avanguardie (14-18) - piccole italiane (GIRLS 8-14)

International Press

  • speed of executions: " for reasons other than just judicial efficiency" TERM 47

Responsibilty

DEFINITION 47

  • Borba (ties to Yugoslavia) - TIGR (anti-fascists front with slavic complection) - Guistizia e liberta TERM 48

TIGR

DEFINITION 48

  • fifth column threat to the fascist state - bombings/assassinations - taken out by the OVRA TERM 49

Giustizia e Liberta (Justice and Freedom)

DEFINITION 49

  • founded in Paris 1929 by Italian exiles - leaders: Salvemini, Rosselli, Nitti, and Lussu - anti-fascist "republican" front: liberal socialist orientation TERM 50

Italian Branch of Giustizia e

Liberta

DEFINITION 50

  • "headquartered" in Turin: Carlo Levi, Leon Ginzburg (russian jew) - 1934 Ponte Tresa Affair (Ginzburg carrying anti-Fascist material across border from Switzerland)

"Years of Consent"

  • Renzo De Felice - Gli anni del consenso 1929-1936 - debate over "consent" TERM 52

"Battle for Land" 1928

DEFINITION 52

  • "return to agriculture" - Bonifica integrale (land reclamation and drainage) - Pontine Marshes (central Italy) low tract of agricultural land created by draining and filling TERM 53

Battle for Grain 1925

DEFINITION 53

  • way Italy would become self-sufficient TERM 54

Battle for the Lira 1926

DEFINITION 54

  • attempt to raise the claims of Italy becoming a GREAT POWER - policy confirmed in Pesaro Speech (Aug. 1926): Quota Novanta (Quota 90) TERM 55

Festa dell'uva 1930-

DEFINITION 55

  • celebrated as a tradition - double as harvest festivals/celebrate wine making and other foods/beverages made w/ grapes - Sagra= older roman use, semi-religious implication (sacred worship)

Political

Philosophies

  • women's suffrage - minimum wage - eight-hour workday - reorganization of public transport TERM 62

Mussolini's Aims

DEFINITION 62

  • restore nationalist pride - re-start the economy - increase productivity with labor controls - remove economic business controls - impose law and order TERM 63

Paradoxes

DEFINITION 63

  • according to Gentile could not be conceived without UNITY - UNITY= totalitarianism--> fascism TERM 64

Private vs. Public

DEFINITION 64

  • Gentile: public & private were a priori identified with each other TERM 65

Irredenta

DEFINITION 65

  • emerged after Italian unification - Italy had to reach its "natural borders"

Triple Alliance 1882

  • Italy, Germany, Austria-Hungary - DEFENSIVE alliance - Italy went behind back of Germany and Austria-Hungary - Italy didn't step into war because Germany and Austria-Hungary had taken OFFENSIVE - later Italy entered against Germany and Austria- Hungary TERM 67

Italy and Austria-Hungary

DEFINITION 67

  • relationship= BAD - Austria held Italia Irredenta (Trentino and Istria) TERM 68

Treaty of London 1915

DEFINITION 68

  • Italy was to leave the Triple Alliance and join Triple Entente (secret agreement w/ Britain) - Italy to declare war against Germany and Austria-Hungary - in return: obtain Italia Irredenta TERM 69

March on Rome 1922

DEFINITION 69

  • Mussolini takes power from Prime Minister Luigi Facta and is appointed in his place - transition made possible by surrender of public authorities in face of fascist intimidation TERM 70

Alfredo Rocco: Syndicalism

DEFINITION 70

  • blaimed weak Italian economy on the large influence other European countries had on Italy (individualism)