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A comprehensive set of questions and answers related to differential diagnosis in movement science, focusing on the concept of regional interdependence and its implications for musculoskeletal impairments. It explores the hierarchical organization of physiological systems, somatovisceral referral patterns, and the role of nociceptors in visceral pain. The document also includes examples of research findings related to the influence of menstruation on hip extension and the cortical processing of ano-rectal sensation.
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according to research, the Upper Quarter is often linked to the ______ region. (Cleland, Gonzales-Iglesias) Correct Answers Thoracic according to research, the Thoracic region is often linked to the ______ region. (mintken, Strunce, Boyles) Correct Answers Shoulder according to research, the Lumbar region is often linked to the ______ region. (Stupar, Ben-Galim) Correct Answers Hip according to research, the Hip region is often linked to the ______ region. (Powers, Souza, Bogla, Rowe) Correct Answers Knee according to research, the Knee region is often linked to the ______ region. (Molgaard) Correct Answers Ankle Can interventions have local and remote effects in linked adjacent regions? Correct Answers yes What is the concept of "Regional Interdependence" in the context of movement science? Correct Answers Regional Interdependence in movement science refers to the idea that different regions of the body are musculoskeletally linked.
Why was there a problem with the original definition of Regional Interdependence according to Wainner et al.? Correct Answers The problem with the original definition of Regional Interdependence, as implied by Wainner et al., was that it suggested that the link between regions was solely a musculoskeletal one. What is the refined concept of "Interdependence" in the context of musculoskeletal impairments and patient complaints? Correct Answers The refined concept of "Interdependence" suggests that seemingly unrelated impairments in remote anatomical regions could contribute to and be associated with a patient's primary complaint. It also indicates that a patient's primary musculoskeletal symptoms may be directly or indirectly related or influenced by impairments from various body regions and systems, regardless of their proximity to the primary symptoms. how has the initial definition of interdependence changed? The concept that seemingly unrelated impairments in remote anatomical regions could contribute to and be associated with a patient's primary complaint (Initial) Correct Answers current: The concept that a patient's primary musculoskeletal symptom(s) may be directly or indirectly related or influenced by impairments from various body regions and systems regardless of proximity to the primary symptom(s) (Sueki 2013) (J Manip Man Ther 21(2), 2013) What are the primary tasks of the body (4) Correct Answers Homeostasis
What somatovisceral referral: Pain below xiphoid process anterior Correct Answers Pancreas What somatovisceral referral: Pain on anterior Right side of the abdominal region Correct Answers Gallbladder What somatovisceral referral: Pain on anterior underwear area into lateral hip, and posterior belt into lateral glute Correct Answers Kidney What somatovisceral referral: pain at the belly button Correct Answers Small Intestine What somatovisceral referral: Anterior Right Hip Flexor Correct Answers Appendix What somatovisceral referral: Two dots above the bellybutton in women Correct Answers Ovary What somatovisceral referral: Pain below bellybutton Correct Answers Colon What somatovisceral referral: Anterior: genital region and below bellybutton Posterior: sacrum and below bilateral glutes Correct Answers Urinary Bladder
and discomfort associated with inflammation in the internal organs. Can Somatovisceral structures produce musculoskeletal responses? Correct Answers yes According to the Smith 2009, what are some somatovisceral structures or conditions that have been associated with the development of low back pain, particularly in women? Correct Answers In women, conditions such as menstrual cramping, incontinence, gastrointestinal symptoms, and respiratory problems have been associated with the development of low back pain. According to the study by Anderson et al. 2013, what was the significant finding regarding passive hip extension range of motion in women during menstruation compared to mid-cycle, and was pelvic pain found to be a significant factor in this context? Correct Answers According to the study by Anderson et al. 2013, the significant finding was that average hip extension passive range of motion (PROM) during menstruation was significantly decreased by approximately 6 degrees compared to during mid-cycle. -Pelvic pain was not identified as a significant factor influencing this decrease. In the study conducted by Leonti and Wolfe in 2014, what did they find regarding the effect of menstruation on hip extension, and were pain or differences between the left and right sides found to be significant factors in this context? Correct Answers In the study by Leonti and Wolfe in 2014, they
continued to find a significant decrease in hip extension during menstruation. -Pain was not identified as a significant factor, and there were differences observed between the left and right sides. -The study suggests that other factors, such as hormones and the side of menstruation, may be the primary causes of this effect. According to the study by Soli and Pabin in 2014, how did pain influence hip flexion strength during menses, and what was the primary assessment method used to measure hip flexion strength in the study? Correct Answers In the study by Soli and Pabin in 2014, pain was identified as a significant factor that decreased hip flexion strength during menses. The primary assessment method used to measure hip flexion strength in the study was a hand-held dynamometer. In the study by Hobday (2001) that used functional MRI to investigate the cortical processing of ano-rectal sensation, what were the key findings regarding the activation of the somatosensory cortex and the anterior cingulate cortex, and what do these findings suggest about the representation of viscera and somatic structures in the cortex? Correct Answers Both rectal and ano-rectal stimulation activated the somatosensory cortex. However, the anterior cingulate cortex was specifically activated by rectal stimulation, suggesting that the viscera have a greater representation on the limbic cortex than somatic structures. According to the study by Bernstein et al. in 2002, what were the key findings regarding cortical mapping of visceral pain in patients with GI disorders, specifically those with IBS (Irritable
what is the function of bile? Correct Answers 1) transports toxins and other hepatic waste OUT of body into GI tract for excretion via stool (excretory function
headache jaundice darkened urine lightened stool enlarged spleen/liver intermittent pruritus (itchiness) Correct Answers Hepatitis What type of Hepatitis:
eventual need for liver transplant Correct Answers Hepatitis C what are the implications for Healthcare workers for Hepatitis? Correct Answers • Up to date on vaccines/boosters
perforated gallbladder Correct Answers occurs when your gallstones over time wear a hole in the walls of your organs gallbladder inflammation (cholecystitis) Correct Answers occurs if bile builds up in your gallbladder what are the 2 main types of gallstones? Correct Answers - Cholesterol stones. Yellow-green in color and the most common kind, accounting for 80% of gallstones.