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Biology Terms: Taxonomy, Evolution, Bacteria, Fungi, Plant Biology, Quizzes of Biology

California State University (CSU) - FresnoBiology

Various terms related to taxonomy, evolution, bacteria, fungi, and plant biology. Topics include definitions of sister taxa, homoplasy, hierarchical organization, valid clades, evolutionary novelties, parsimony, neutral theory, bacteria reproduction, chemoheterotrophs, halophiles, ecological roles of bacteria, protists relations, evidence for endosymbiosis, and more.

Typology: Quizzes

2014/2015

Uploaded on 04/11/2015

aj7pinkanrig
aj7pinkanrig 🇺🇸

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TERM 1
Sister taxa on a correctly rendered
phylogenetic tree are taxa who
DEFINITION 1
-share an immediate common ancestor-share a branch point-
are each others closest relatives-do not include polytomies
TERM 2
an example of a
homoplasy
DEFINITION 2
is a bats wing and a pterodactyl wing
TERM 3
Hierarchal organization
DEFINITION 3
DomainOrder (has least number of
species)ClassKingdomphylum
TERM 4
A taxon is a valid clade
if?
DEFINITION 4
if it is monophyletic
TERM 5
evolutionary novelties unique to a clade are?
DEFINITION 5
shared derived characters
pf3
pf4
pf5
pf8
pf9
pfa

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Sister taxa on a correctly rendered

phylogenetic tree are taxa who

-share an immediate common ancestor-share a branch point-

are each others closest relatives-do not include polytomies

TERM 2

an example of a

homoplasy

DEFINITION 2

is a bats wing and a pterodactyl wing

TERM 3

Hierarchal organization

DEFINITION 3

DomainOrder (has least number of

species)ClassKingdomphylum

TERM 4

A taxon is a valid clade

if?

DEFINITION 4

if it is monophyletic

TERM 5

evolutionary novelties unique to a clade are?

DEFINITION 5

shared derived characters

Parsimony

the simplest explanations that are the most consistent with

the facts is probably the most true

TERM 7

neutral theory

DEFINITION 7

-much evolutionary change in the genome has no effect on

fitness-much evolutionary change in proteins has no effect

on fitness-much evolutionary change is not influenced by

natural selection-rate of much molecular evolutionary change

should be regular like a clock

TERM 8

bacteria

DEFINITION 8

reproduce asexually and still have sources for genetic

variation

TERM 9

gram negative bacteria are of

DEFINITION 9

a thin peptidoglycan layer and an outer plasma membrane

TERM 10

pili

DEFINITION 10

are structures used by bacterial during conjugation

evidence for endosymbiosis

is seen in the number of membranes present around plastids

in red and green algae

TERM 17

Genus of human parasite that causes sleeping

sickness?

DEFINITION 17

Trypanosmona

TERM 18

Members of "SAR" clade?

DEFINITION 18

Diatoms

TERM 19

land plants and green algae have none of the

following shared, derivied, characters

DEFINITION 19

they do not have cell walls made of cellulose, rings of

cellulose-producing proteins. certain structures of flagellated

sperm. a group of microtubules called a phragmoplast that

forms during cell division

TERM 20

slime molds

DEFINITION 20

an organism closely related to humans

protists

are more important as aquatic rather than as terrestrial

primary producers

TERM 22

alternation of generations found?

DEFINITION 22

in charophytes, green algae, land plants, higher fungi

TERM 23

meristems

DEFINITION 23

are specialized regions of cell division in plants that retain

the capacity to become different structures

TERM 24

moses

DEFINITION 24

a group of land plants with dominant gametophytes

TERM 25

heterosporous

DEFINITION 25

plants that produce two different types of spores

carpel

flowering plants develop a unique female reproductive

structure that makes megaspores, and after, female

gametophytes

TERM 32

How do plants protect themselves?

DEFINITION 32

plants make secondary compounds

TERM 33

mycelia

DEFINITION 33

most of the fungi biomass is found here

TERM 34

chitin

DEFINITION 34

fungal cell walls are composed of it

TERM 35

haustoria

DEFINITION 35

specialized hyphae that penetrate living cytoplasm of plant

cells

heterokaryotic stage

during the sexual cycle of fungi, the fusion of plasmogamy

results in this stage

TERM 37

fungal pheromones insure

that?

DEFINITION 37

"male" and "female" fungi join their genetic material

TERM 38

ascomycota and basidiomycota

DEFINITION 38

are long-lived dikaryotic reproductive structures in fungi

TERM 39

ascomycotan fungus

DEFINITION 39

is most of the biomass of a lichen

TERM 40

Coccidoides

DEFINITION 40

is a fungal infection endemic in the San Joaquin Valley that

can become deadly

Amnions

the move to land in vertebrates was partially possible

because of the evolution of amnions

TERM 47

fur and milk

DEFINITION 47

the two defining characters of mammals according to your

book are fur and milk

TERM 48

jaw bone

DEFINITION 48

mammalian middle ear bones evolved from jaw bones

TERM 49

rodentia

DEFINITION 49

is the largest order of mammals in terms of numbers of

species

TERM 50

Scientific name for human

DEFINITION 50

Homo sapiens