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Mid-Term Exam Identification Terms | HIST 1013 - World Civilization III, Quizzes of World History

Part II to Flashcards. Class: HIST 1013 - World Civilization III; Subject: History; University: Middle Georgia College; Term: Spring 2010;

Typology: Quizzes

2009/2010

Uploaded on 02/18/2010

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TERM 1
"Four great inventions of Ancient China"
DEFINITION 1
Why 1815? The World in 1800: China vs. Western Europe The Four
Great Inventions of ancient China (, m eaning "four great
inventions") are four inventions that are celebrated in Chinese
culture for their historical significance and as signs of ancient
China's advanced science and techn ology. They are the compass,
paper making, gun powder, and printin g.
TERM 2
geocentric theory vs. heliocentric theory
DEFINITION 2
Why 1815? The World in 1800: China vs. Western Europe
Geocentric theory is the original belie f of the Roman Catholic
Church whereas the Earth was the center of all universe. Later the
Heliocentric theory (Sun as the cen ter of the Solar System) was
proven while surviving great scrutiny and controversy. This is a
great marking period of the Enlighten ment.
TERM 3
imperial examination system
DEFINITION 3
Why 1815? The World in 1800: China vs. Western Europe The
Imperial examinations (simplified Chine se: ; traditional Chinese: ;
pinyin: kj) in Imperial China determine d who among the population
would be permitted to enter the sta te's bureaucracy. The Imperial
Examination System in China lasted fo r 1300 years, from its
founding during the Sui Dynasty in 605 to its abolition near the
end of the Qing Dynasty in 1912.
TERM 4
scholar-bureaucrats
DEFINITION 4
Why 1815? The World in 1800: China vs. Western Europe
Scholar-bureaucrats or scholar-officials (Chinese: ) were civil
servants appointed by the emperor of China to perform day-
to-day governance from the Sui Dynasty to the end of the
Qing Dynasty in 1912, China's last imperial dynasty.
TERM 5
"Mandate of
Heaven"
DEFINITION 5
Why 1815? The World in 1800: China vs. Western Europe Mandate
of Heaven (Chinese: ; pinyin: Tinmng ) is a traditional Chinese
philosophical concept concerning the legitimacy of rulers. It
concerns legitimacy of rule and divine approval, and thus is
superficially similar to the Western ab solutist divine right of kings;
but unlike the divine right of kings, the Mandate of Heaven is
predicated on the conduct of the ru ler in question.
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Download Mid-Term Exam Identification Terms | HIST 1013 - World Civilization III and more Quizzes World History in PDF only on Docsity!

"Four great inventions of Ancient China"

Why 1815? The World in 1800: China vs. Western Europe The Four Great Inventions of ancient China (, meaning "four great inventions") are four inventions that are celebrated in Chinese culture for their historical significance and as signs of ancient China's advanced science and technology. They are the compass, paper making, gun powder, and printing. TERM 2

geocentric theory vs. heliocentric theory

DEFINITION 2 Why 1815? The World in 1800: China vs. Western Europe Geocentric theory is the original belief of the Roman Catholic Church whereas the Earth was the center of all universe. Later the Heliocentric theory (Sun as the center of the Solar System) was proven while surviving great scrutiny and controversy. This is a great marking period of the Enlightenment. TERM 3

imperial examination system

DEFINITION 3 Why 1815? The World in 1800: China vs. Western Europe The Imperial examinations (simplified Chinese: ; traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: kj) in Imperial China determined who among the population would be permitted to enter the state's bureaucracy. The Imperial Examination System in China lasted for 1300 years, from its founding during the Sui Dynasty in 605 to its abolition near the end of the Qing Dynasty in 1912. TERM 4

scholar-bureaucrats

DEFINITION 4

Why 1815? The World in 1800: China vs. Western Europe

Scholar-bureaucrats or scholar-officials (Chinese: ) were civil

servants appointed by the emperor of China to perform day-

to-day governance from the Sui Dynasty to the end of the

Qing Dynasty in 1912, China's last imperial dynasty.

TERM 5

"Mandate of

Heaven"

DEFINITION 5 Why 1815? The World in 1800: China vs. Western Europe Mandate of Heaven (Chinese: ; pinyin: Tinmng) is a traditional Chinese philosophical concept concerning the legitimacy of rulers. It concerns legitimacy of rule and divine approval, and thus is superficially similar to the Western absolutist divine right of kings; but unlike the divine right of kings, the Mandate of Heaven is predicated on the conduct of the ruler in question.

dynastic cycles

Why 1815? The World in 1800: China vs. Western Europe

Dynastic cycle (traditional Chinese: ; simplified Chinese: ;

pinyin: Chodi Xnhun) is an important political theory in the

Chinese history. According to this theory, every dynasty

goes through a culture cycle.

TERM 7

Enlightenment

DEFINITION 7

Why 1815? The World in 1800: China vs. Western Europe The

Age of Enlightenment (or simply the Enlightenment) is a term

used to describe a time in Western philosophy and cultural

life, centered upon the eighteenth century, in which reason

was advocated as the primary source and legitimacy for

authority.

TERM 8

Prince Henry "the Navigator"

DEFINITION 8 Sites of World Interaction: Voyages of Encounter and Mercantilism- the "Columbian Exchange" Henry the Navigator (Porto, 4 March 1394 - 13 November 1460 in Sagres) was an infante (prince) of the Kingdom of Portugal and an important figure in the early days of the Portuguese Empire, being responsible for the beginning of the European worldwide explorations. TERM 9

Bartholomew Dias

DEFINITION 9

Sites of World Interaction: Voyages of Encounter and

Mercantilism-the "Columbian Exchange" Portugese explorer

who pioneered the eastern Portuguese Empire after safely

rounding the Cape of Good Hope at the tip of Africa in 1487.

TERM 10

Christopher Columbus

DEFINITION 10

Sites of World Interaction: Voyages of Encounter and

Mercantilism-the "Columbian Exchange" Spanish explorer

who landed in the eastern Bahamas thinking he was in the

East Indies. He mistook his first landfall as an outer isaland of

Japan. This error transformed voyages of discovery into

expeditions of conquest.

triangular trade

The Atlantic Slave Trade; "Amistad" (movie clip) The best-known triangular trading system is the Transatlantic Triangular Trade, that operated during the 17th, 18th, and early 19th centuries, carrying slaves, cash crops, and manufactured goods between West Africa, the Caribbean or American colonies and the European colonial powers, with the northern colonies of British North America, especially New England, sometimes taking over the role of Europe. TERM 17

middle passage

DEFINITION 17

The Atlantic Slave Trade; "Amistad" (movie clip) The Middle

Passage refers to the forcible passage of African people from

Africa to the New World, as part of the Atlantic slave trade.

TERM 18

"Concert of Europe"

DEFINITION 18

Europe After 1815: The Congress of Vienna and the Pax

Britannica The Concert of Europe, also known as the

"Congress System," was the balance of power that existed in

Europe from the fall of Napoleon in 1815 until the early 20th

century.

TERM 19

collective security

DEFINITION 19

Europe After 1815: The Congress of Vienna and the Pax

Britannica Collective security can be understood as a

security arrangement in which all states cooperate

collectively to provide security for all by the actions of all

against any states within the groups which might challenge

the existing order by using sanctions and force.

TERM 20

Pax Britannica

DEFINITION 20

Europe After 1815: The Congress of Vienna and the Pax

Britannica Pax Britannica (Latin for "the British Peace",

modelled after Pax Romana) was the period of relative peace

in Europe when the British Empire controlled most of the key

naval trade routes and enjoyed unchallenged sea power.

workshop of the world

Europe After 1815: The Congress of Vienna and the Pax

Britannica Informal term for England in the 19th century; the

expression was used by Disraeli in the House of Commons in

1838, in reference to the British manufacturing and industrial

capacity.

TERM 22

Franco-Prussian War

DEFINITION 22 Europe After 1815: The Congress of Vienna and the Pax Britannica The Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War, often referred to in France as the 1870 War (19 July 1870 - 10 May 1871) was a conflict between Second French Empire and Kingdom of Prussia. The complete Prussian and German victory brought about the final unification of Germany under King Wilhelm I of Prussia. TERM 23

Conservatism vs. Liberalism

DEFINITION 23 Europe After 1815: The Congress of Vienna and the Pax Britannica While liberal values tend to include the possible justification of revolution, the importance of the individual, and an emphasis on individual freedom from state control and religious establishment, conservative values tend to include a respect for an ordered society in which people "know their place," established religion, and a patriarchal family structure carried over to the state. TERM 24

Transportation-communications revolution

DEFINITION 24

Nineteenth Century "Isms": Dteterminism, Nationalism, and

Imperialism (definitions, types, and justifications) 1844-

"Perfection of the Telegraph" 1860-1861 "Pony Express"

1869 "Transcontinental Railroad"

TERM 25

Social Darwinism

DEFINITION 25 Nineteenth Century "Isms": Dteterminism, Nationalism, and Imperialism (definitions, types, and justifications) Social Darwinism is a pejorative term used to attack ideologies or ideas allegedly misusing concepts in biology in social sciences to promote a wide range of social concepts such social evolution through artificial selection, as well as other social and economic ideas including deliberate conflict between individuals, groups, nations, and ideas.

White Man's

Burden

Nineteenth Century "Isms": Dteterminism, Nationalism, and

Imperialism (definitions, types, and justifications) "The 'White

Man's Burden" is a poem by the English poet Rudyard

Kipling. This describes the "duty" of European powers to

colonize and conquer the imbalanced and primitive societies.

TERM 32

Otto van Bismarck

DEFINITION 32 Nineteenth Century "Isms": Dteterminism, Nationalism, and Imperialism (definitions, types, and justifications) Otto Eduard Leopold von Bismarck (1 April 1815 - 30 July 1898) was a Prussian/German statesman of the late 19th century, and a dominant figure in world affairs. As Ministerprsident of Prussia from 18621890, he oversaw the unification of Germany. In 1867 he became Chancellor of the North German Confederation. He designed the German Empire in 1871. His diplomacy of Realpolitik and powerful rule gained him the nickname "The Iron Chancellor". TERM 33

realpolitick

DEFINITION 33

Nineteenth Century "Isms": Dteterminism, Nationalism, and

Imperialism (definitions, types, and justifications) Realpolitik

(German: ' -realistic-, -practical- or -actual-; and ' -politics-)

refers to politics or diplomacy based primarily on practical

considerations, rather than ideological notions or moralistic

premises.

TERM 34

"Manifest Destiny"

DEFINITION 34

The United States: From "Manifest Destiny" to Latin America

and East Asia Manifest Destiny is a term that was used in the

19th century to designate the belief that the United States

was destined, even divinely ordained,[1] to expand across

the North American continent, from the Atlantic seaboard to

the Pacific Ocean.

TERM 35

Frederick Jackson Turner

DEFINITION 35 The United States: From "Manifest Destiny" to Latin America and East Asia - Frederick Jackson Turner (November 14, 1861 - March 14, 1932) was an American historian in the early 20th century. His essays are collected in The Significance of the Frontier in Hungrian History, which won the Pulitzer Prize for History in 1933. Turner's sectionalism thesis had almost as much influence among historians as his frontier thesis. He argued that different ethno- cultural groups had distinct settlement patterns, and this revealed itself in politics, economics and society

frontier thesis

The 'Frontier Thesis' is the conclusion put forth by Frederick Jackson Turner that the origin of American exceptionalism created freedom, constantly named as civilization, "breaking the average bond of custom, offering new experiences, [and] calling out new institutions and activities." Turner first announced his thesis in a paper entitled "The Significance of the Frontier in American History," delivered to the American Historical Association in 1893 at the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago. TERM 37

"Ghost dance"

DEFINITION 37

Noted in historical accounts as the Ghost Dance of 1890, the

Ghost Dance was a religious movement incorporated into

numerous Native American belief systems.

TERM 38

Alfred Thayer Mahan

DEFINITION 38

Alfred Thayer Mahan (September 27, 1840 - December 1,

1914) was a United States Navy flag officer, geostrategist,

and educator. His ideas on the importance of nautical tactics

influenced navies all around the world, and helped prompt

naval buildups before World War I.

TERM 39

The Significance of Naval Power in World

History

DEFINITION 39

The Influence of Sea Power Upon History: 1660-1783 is an

influential treatise on naval warfare written in 1890 by Alfred

Thayer Mahan. It details the role of sea power throughout

history and discusses the various factors needed to support a

strong navy.

TERM 40

Simon

Bolivar

DEFINITION 40

Simn Jos Antonio de la Santsima Trinidad Bolvar Palacios y

Blanco, commonly known as Simn Bolvar (July 24, 1783

December 17, 1830) was a Venezuelan political leader.

Together with Jos de San Martn, he played a key role in Latin

America's successful struggle for independence from Spain.

Hundred Days Reform

The Hundred Days' Reform was a failed 104-day national

cultural, political and educational reform movement from 11

June to 21 September 1898 in late Qing Dynasty China.

TERM 47

"Cairo to the Cape" plan

DEFINITION 47 The Cape to Cairo Railway is an uncompleted project to cross Africa from south to north by rail. This plan was initiated at the end of the 19th century, during the time of colonial rule, largely under the vision of Cecil Rhodes, in the attempt to connect adjacent African possessions of the British Empire through a continuous line from Cape Town, South Africa, to Cairo, Egypt. While most sections of the Cape to Cairo railway are in operation, a major part is missing between northern Sudan and Uganda.