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Part II to Flashcards. Class: HIST 1013 - World Civilization III; Subject: History; University: Middle Georgia College; Term: Spring 2010;
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Why 1815? The World in 1800: China vs. Western Europe The Four Great Inventions of ancient China (, meaning "four great inventions") are four inventions that are celebrated in Chinese culture for their historical significance and as signs of ancient China's advanced science and technology. They are the compass, paper making, gun powder, and printing. TERM 2
DEFINITION 2 Why 1815? The World in 1800: China vs. Western Europe Geocentric theory is the original belief of the Roman Catholic Church whereas the Earth was the center of all universe. Later the Heliocentric theory (Sun as the center of the Solar System) was proven while surviving great scrutiny and controversy. This is a great marking period of the Enlightenment. TERM 3
DEFINITION 3 Why 1815? The World in 1800: China vs. Western Europe The Imperial examinations (simplified Chinese: ; traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: kj) in Imperial China determined who among the population would be permitted to enter the state's bureaucracy. The Imperial Examination System in China lasted for 1300 years, from its founding during the Sui Dynasty in 605 to its abolition near the end of the Qing Dynasty in 1912. TERM 4
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DEFINITION 5 Why 1815? The World in 1800: China vs. Western Europe Mandate of Heaven (Chinese: ; pinyin: Tinmng) is a traditional Chinese philosophical concept concerning the legitimacy of rulers. It concerns legitimacy of rule and divine approval, and thus is superficially similar to the Western absolutist divine right of kings; but unlike the divine right of kings, the Mandate of Heaven is predicated on the conduct of the ruler in question.
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DEFINITION 8 Sites of World Interaction: Voyages of Encounter and Mercantilism- the "Columbian Exchange" Henry the Navigator (Porto, 4 March 1394 - 13 November 1460 in Sagres) was an infante (prince) of the Kingdom of Portugal and an important figure in the early days of the Portuguese Empire, being responsible for the beginning of the European worldwide explorations. TERM 9
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The Atlantic Slave Trade; "Amistad" (movie clip) The best-known triangular trading system is the Transatlantic Triangular Trade, that operated during the 17th, 18th, and early 19th centuries, carrying slaves, cash crops, and manufactured goods between West Africa, the Caribbean or American colonies and the European colonial powers, with the northern colonies of British North America, especially New England, sometimes taking over the role of Europe. TERM 17
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DEFINITION 22 Europe After 1815: The Congress of Vienna and the Pax Britannica The Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War, often referred to in France as the 1870 War (19 July 1870 - 10 May 1871) was a conflict between Second French Empire and Kingdom of Prussia. The complete Prussian and German victory brought about the final unification of Germany under King Wilhelm I of Prussia. TERM 23
DEFINITION 23 Europe After 1815: The Congress of Vienna and the Pax Britannica While liberal values tend to include the possible justification of revolution, the importance of the individual, and an emphasis on individual freedom from state control and religious establishment, conservative values tend to include a respect for an ordered society in which people "know their place," established religion, and a patriarchal family structure carried over to the state. TERM 24
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DEFINITION 25 Nineteenth Century "Isms": Dteterminism, Nationalism, and Imperialism (definitions, types, and justifications) Social Darwinism is a pejorative term used to attack ideologies or ideas allegedly misusing concepts in biology in social sciences to promote a wide range of social concepts such social evolution through artificial selection, as well as other social and economic ideas including deliberate conflict between individuals, groups, nations, and ideas.
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DEFINITION 32 Nineteenth Century "Isms": Dteterminism, Nationalism, and Imperialism (definitions, types, and justifications) Otto Eduard Leopold von Bismarck (1 April 1815 - 30 July 1898) was a Prussian/German statesman of the late 19th century, and a dominant figure in world affairs. As Ministerprsident of Prussia from 18621890, he oversaw the unification of Germany. In 1867 he became Chancellor of the North German Confederation. He designed the German Empire in 1871. His diplomacy of Realpolitik and powerful rule gained him the nickname "The Iron Chancellor". TERM 33
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DEFINITION 35 The United States: From "Manifest Destiny" to Latin America and East Asia - Frederick Jackson Turner (November 14, 1861 - March 14, 1932) was an American historian in the early 20th century. His essays are collected in The Significance of the Frontier in Hungrian History, which won the Pulitzer Prize for History in 1933. Turner's sectionalism thesis had almost as much influence among historians as his frontier thesis. He argued that different ethno- cultural groups had distinct settlement patterns, and this revealed itself in politics, economics and society
The 'Frontier Thesis' is the conclusion put forth by Frederick Jackson Turner that the origin of American exceptionalism created freedom, constantly named as civilization, "breaking the average bond of custom, offering new experiences, [and] calling out new institutions and activities." Turner first announced his thesis in a paper entitled "The Significance of the Frontier in American History," delivered to the American Historical Association in 1893 at the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago. TERM 37
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DEFINITION 47 The Cape to Cairo Railway is an uncompleted project to cross Africa from south to north by rail. This plan was initiated at the end of the 19th century, during the time of colonial rule, largely under the vision of Cecil Rhodes, in the attempt to connect adjacent African possessions of the British Empire through a continuous line from Cape Town, South Africa, to Cairo, Egypt. While most sections of the Cape to Cairo railway are in operation, a major part is missing between northern Sudan and Uganda.