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Aggressiveness
Verbal attacks that demean others' self-concepts and inflict psychological pain TERM 2
Ambiguous Response
DEFINITION 2 A response with more than one meaning, leaving the other person unsure of the responder's position. TERM 3
argumentativeness
DEFINITION 3 Presenting and defending positions on issues while attacking positions taken by others, TERM 4
certainty
DEFINITION 4 Dogmatically stating or implying that one's position is correct and others' ideas are not worth considering. Likely to arouse defensiveness, according to Gibb. TERM 5
communication climate
DEFINITION 5 The emotional tone of a relationship between two or more individuals.
complaining
A disagreeing message that directly or indirectly communicates dissatisfaction with another person. TERM 7
confirming communication
DEFINITION 7 A message that expresses caring or respect for another person; the person is valued by the speaker. TERM 8
controlling communication
DEFINITION 8 According to Gibb, messages that attempt to impose some sort of outcome on another person, resulting in a defensive response. TERM 9
defensiveness
DEFINITION 9 The attempt to protect a presenting image a person believes is being attacked. TERM 10
description
DEFINITION 10 Messages that describe a speaker's position without evaluating others.
face
The image an individual wants to project to the world. See presenting self. TERM 17
face-threatening acts
DEFINITION 17 Behavior by another that is perceived as attacking an individual's presenting image, or face. TERM 18
impersonal response
DEFINITION 18 A disconfirming response that is superficial or trite. TERM 19
impervious response
DEFINITION 19 A disconfirming response that ignores another person's attempt to communicate. TERM 20
incongruous response
DEFINITION 20 A disconfirming response in which two messages, one of which is usually nonverbal, contradict one another.
interrupting response
A disconfirming response in which one communicator interrupts another. TERM 22
irrelevant response
DEFINITION 22 A disconfirming response in which one communicator's comments bear no relationship to the previous speaker's ideas. TERM 23
neutrality
DEFINITION 23 A defense-arousing behavior described by Gibb in which the sender expresses indifference toward a receiver. TERM 24
presenting self
DEFINITION 24 The image a person presents to others. It may be identical with or different from the perceived and desired selves. TERM 25
problem
orientation
DEFINITION 25 A supportive style of communication described by Gibb in which the communicators focus on working together to solve their problems instead of trying to impose their own solutions on one another.
superiority
A defense-arousing style of communication described by Gibb in which the sender states or implies that the receiver is not worthy of respect. TERM 32
tangential response
DEFINITION 32 A disconfirming response that uses the speaker's remark as a starting point for a shift to a new topic.
