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MICROBIOLOGY STRAIGHTERLINE QUIZZES
WITH ANSWERS
Studies by Emil von Behring and Shibasaburo Kitasato demonstrated that inactivated toxins can induce the synthesis of antitoxins in the blood of rabbits. These antitoxins (antibodies) are the basis of... a. humoral immunity b. cell-mediated immunity c. antibiotic immunity d. phagocyte-mediated immunity - --a. humoral immunity Who of the following first discovered that some blood leukocytes could engulf disease-causing bacteria? a. von Behring b. Meister c. Metchnikoff d. Ivanowski - --c. Metchnikoff Who is credited with developing a vaccine against chicken cholera? a. Koch b. Pasteur c. Jenner d. Lister - --b. Pasteur
The concept that living organisms arise from nonliving material is called... a. biogenesis b. cell theory c. spontaneous generation d. germ theory - --c. spontaneous generation Protists contain all of the following forms of life EXCEPT... a. protozoa b. fungi c. slime molds d. algae - --b. fungi Cells with a relatively simple cell morphology that do not have a true membrane-delimited nucleus are called... a. prokaryotes b. eukaryotes c. urkaryotes d. nokaryotes - --a. prokaryotes The ribosomal RNA studies that led to the division of prokaryotic organisms into the Bacteria and the Archaea were begun by... a. Pasteur b. Woese
c. attach it firmly to the slide. d. create small pores in cells that facilitates binding of stain to cell structures. - --c. attach it firmly to the slide. If the decolorizer is left on too long in the Gram-staining procedure, gram- positive organisms will be stained __________ and gram-negative organisms will be stained __________. a. purple; blue b. purple; colorless c. purple; pink d. pink; pink - --d. pink; pink Regions of a specimen with higher electron density scatter ___________ electrons and, therefore, appear __________ in the image projected onto the screen of a transmission electron microscope. a. more; lighter b. more; darker c. fewer; darker d. fewer; lighter - --b. more; darker In the Gram-staining procedure, the mordant is... a. iodine. b. safranin. c. crystal violet. d. alcohol. - --a. iodine.
Acid-fast organisms such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis contain lipids constructed from ________________in their cell walls. a. proteins b. carbohydrates c. mycolic acids d. peptidoglycan - --c. mycolic acids Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis is particularly important in public health because in this application, microbiologists seek to identify specific microbial pathogens in ______. a. food and water b. patient samples c. genomic analysis d. genetic diseases - --a. food and water Genomic DNA sequences seem to support the idea that the first eukaryotic cell arose from within the _____ lineage. a. archaeal b. bacterial c. viral d. last universal common ancestor (LUCA) - --a. archaeal An unrooted tree containing four unrelated species can become rooted by adding
b. The first edition is largely phylogenetic while the second edition is more phenetic. c. The first and second editions are both largely phenetic. d. The first and second editions are both largely phylogenetic - --a. The first edition is mostly phenetic while the second edition is more phylogenetic. All of the following are reasons why some scientists believe that the term "prokaryote" is a somewhat artificial designation and should be discarded EXCEPT... a. Some bacteria have internal membranous structures. b. Some bacteria have their genetic material enclosed within a membrane. c. Some bacteria have 80S ribosomes. d. Many bacterial have cytoskeletal elements. - --c. Some bacteria have 80S ribosomes. The type III bacterial protein secretion machinery... a. has a needlelike structure through which proteins are secreted. b. includes structural features that may be evolutionarily related to the basal bodies of bacterial flagella. c. is found in gram-negative bacteria. d. All of the choices are correct - --d. All of the choices are correct. Which of the following is a characteristic of active transport? a. Saturable uptake rate b. Use of ATP or a proton gradient as a source of metabolic energy
c. Can move materials against a concentration gradient d. All of the choices are correct. - --d. All of the choices are correct. Lipids with polar and nonpolar ends are said to be... a. amphipathic. b. amphibolic. c. bilateral. d. None of the choices are correct. - --a. amphipathic. Which of the following contribute(s) to the differences between the members of the Domain Archaea and the Domain Bacteria? a. Archaea lack muramic acid. b. Archaea have isopranyl glycerol ethers rather than fatty acid esters in their membrane lipids. c. Archaea differ from bacteria in their tRNA composition, ribosome structure, and antibiotic sensitivity. d. All of the choices are correct. - --d. All of the choices are correct. The food vacuoles and phagocytic vacuoles are most similar to... a. mitochondria. b. chloroplasts. c. lysosomes. d. Golgi apparatus. - --c. lysosomes.
b. factors that bind to host cells. c. cell lysis factors. d. factors needed for site specific recombination. - --b. factors that bind to host cells. Which of the following is not true of viroids? a. Viroids are small circular ssRNA molecules. b. Viroids have no protein capsids. c. Viroid RNA does not serve as mRNA nor does it direct the synthesis of mRNA. d. Extracellular viroids have a lipid bilayer envelope. - --d. Extracellular viroids have a lipid bilayer envelope. Which of the following apicomplexan genera cause coccidiosis in chickens? a. Pneumocystis b. Eimeria c. Plasmodium d. Toxoplasma - --b. Eimeria The cellulase-excreting protist that can account for up to one-third of the biomass of a termite is a member of the genus... a. Hexamida. b. Trichomonas. c. Trichonympha. d. Euglena. - --c. Trichonympha.
Some anaerobic protists obtain energy using... a. mitochondria. b. cytochromes. c. hydrogenosomes. d. All of the choices are correct. - --c. hydrogenosomes. The simultaneous use of both organic and inorganic forms of carbon is called ________________. a. osmotrophy b. omnitrophy c. mixotrophy d. metatrophy - --c. mixotrophy All of the following are common habitats or hosts of chytrids EXCEPT _________. a. freshwater b. mud c. soil d. the human intestine e. insects - --d. the human intestine The fungus used in the production of saki and soy sauce is _________.
What is the result of successful communication between rhizobia and their plant hosts? a. Rhizobia consume the plant tissue as an energy and carbon source, causing disease in the plant. b. The plant consumes rhizobiaas an energy source and carbon, destroying the invading bacteria. c. The rhizobia invade the plant root and begin to fix nitrogen with the assistance of the plant. d. The plant supplies organic forms of nitrogen to the rhizobia. - --c. The rhizobia invade the plant root and begin to fix nitrogen with the assistance of the plant. The limitation on microbial growth rate at high nutrient levels is/are a. the rate of protein synthesis. b. the rate of DNA replication. c. the saturation of the transport proteins for nutrient uptake. d. All of the choices are correct. - --c. the saturation of the transport proteins for nutrient uptake. A culture system with constant environmental conditions maintained through continual provision of nutrient and removal of wastes is called __________ culture system. a. continuous b. batch c. fed-batch
d. semicontinuous - --a. continuous __________ is a measure of the randomness or disorder of a system. a. Entropy b. Enthalpy c. Free energy d. Synergy - --a. Entropy Consider a biochemical pathway with five steps that lead to the production of product Q. If there is an abundance of product Q, the most efficient way to slow down the entire pathway would be to regulate _____________________. a. the first enzyme in the pathway b. the last enzyme in the pathway c. every enzyme in the pathway - --a. the first enzyme in the pathway In allosteric regulation, effector molecules usually bind... a. reversibly and covalently. b. irreversibly and covalently. c. reversibly and noncovalently. d. irreversibly and noncovalently. - --c. reversibly and noncovalently. Which nutritional classification would you predict to fit most of the well-known members of the human microbiome?
c. Tol d. acyl-carrier protein - --a. Lpt In bacteria, synthesis of long chain polysaccharides, such as starch and glycogen, have glucose donated to the end of the growing chain by _____. a. ADP-glucose b. UTP-galactose c. ATP-mannose d. UDPG - --a. ADP-glucose In the Hershey and Chase experiment, how did labeling DNA and protein with different radioactive isotopes demonstrate that DNA, rather than protein, carried the genetic information in the T2 virus? a. Researchers could track which part of the virus entered a bacterial cell. b. Researchers could use radio labeling to inactivate DNA and protein in the bacteria. c. Researchers could distinguish bacterial DNA from viral protein. d. Researchers could better elucidate DNA or protein structure. e. Researchers could monitor how DNA interacted with protein in the virus. - -- a. Researchers could track which part of the virus entered a bacterial cell. The coding sequence in the DNA of __________ is normally continuous; that is, it is not interrupted by noncoding sequences. a. prokaryotes b. plants
c. mammals d. most insects - --a. prokaryotes You and a classmate are discussing early experiments in genetics, and you state that Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty provided the first evidence that DNA carries genetic information. Your classmate argues that Griffith was the first to demonstrate this. Which statement best defends your argument? a. Although Griffith first demonstrated transformation, Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty provided evidence that DNA rather than protein or RNA was the transforming agent. b. Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty worked with purified DNA extracts while Griffith worked with bacterial strains. c. Enzymes were used in the experiments carried out by Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty while Griffith transformed cells chemically or by using heat. d. Because Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty did their experiments after those done by Griffith, they had much more information regarding the structure and function of DNA. e. DNA used by Avery, MacLeod and McCarty was - --a. Although Griffith first demonstrated transformation, Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty provided evidence that DNA rather than protein or RNA was the transforming agent. Which statement best describes the mechanism(s) of posttranslational regulation of gene expression? a. Allosteric regulation following transcription of mRNA occurs in many biosynthetic pathways. b. Protein synthesis is often repressed by feedback or noncompetitive inhibition. c. Covalent modification of newly synthesized proteins generally has no marked effect on protein function.
b. promoter c. coding d. trailer - --b. promoter Alternate forms of genes resulting from mutations are called... a. isoforms. b. alterons. c. alleles. d. lethal. - --c. alleles. A public health microbiologist plans to screen a particular bacterial species that was isolated from several patients in an intensive care unit to detect if any of the cells are penicillin-resistant mutants. What is the first step in conducting this experiment? a. Determine whether or not wild type cells of the same bacterial species are susceptible to penicillin. b. Test the cells to see if they can grow on media to which penicillin has been added. c. Perform an antibiotic susceptibility test on the cells using antibiotics other than penicillin that are known to be effective. d. Set up an Ames test to see if any of the isolates are mutagenic. - --a. Determine whether or not wild type cells of the same bacterial species are susceptible to penicillin. The first product to be commercially treated by pasteurization was... a. milk
b. wine c. beer d. cheese - --b. wine Which of the following inhibits bacterial growth but does not kill bacteria? a. Lysozyme b. Bactericidal agent c. Bacteriostatic agent d. Antiseptic agent - --c. Bacteriostatic agent Which of these is an agent that is used to sterilize the plastic tubing of heart- lung machines? a. Phenol b. Mercaptoethanol c. Ethylene oxide d. 70% ethanol - --c. Ethylene oxide Genes for drug resistance may be present... a. on the chromosome. b. on plasmids. c. on mitochondrial DNA. d. both on the chromosome and on plasmids. e. both on plasmids and on mitochondrial DNA.
