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Microbiology Midterm Study Guide 2025, Study Guides, Projects, Research of Nursing

Microbiology Midterm Study Guide 2025

Typology: Study Guides, Projects, Research

2024/2025

Available from 06/23/2025

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Microbiology Midterm Study Guide 2025
Aseptic techniques in microbiology - correct answers -flaming the loop
-flaming mouth of test tube
-autoclaving and boiling
-vortex mixer
-mixing broth by hand
-removing the tube cap
-holding the tube at an angle
-removing excess broth from loop
Autoclave - correct answers Uses steam at 121 degrees Celsius, pressure at 15 PSi, 15
minutes time to sterilize
-it is the most effective and common method of sterilization
Ubiquity of microorganisms - correct answers Means that microorganisms are found
everywhere in any kind of environment
Opportunistic pathogen - correct answers capable of producing a disease if introduced
into a suitable part of the body
Resolving power - correct answers How close two objects can be and still be
distinguished as being separate objects
Optimum resolution - correct answers Using oil immersion is 0.2 micrometers
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Aseptic techniques in microbiology - correct answers - flaming the loop

  • flaming mouth of test tube
  • autoclaving and boiling
  • vortex mixer
  • mixing broth by hand
  • removing the tube cap
  • holding the tube at an angle
  • removing excess broth from loop Autoclave - correct answers Uses steam at 121 degrees Celsius, pressure at 15 PSi, 15 minutes time to sterilize
  • it is the most effective and common method of sterilization Ubiquity of microorganisms - correct answers Means that microorganisms are found everywhere in any kind of environment Opportunistic pathogen - correct answers capable of producing a disease if introduced into a suitable part of the body Resolving power - correct answers How close two objects can be and still be distinguished as being separate objects Optimum resolution - correct answers Using oil immersion is 0.2 micrometers

Ocular lens - correct answers Magnifies everything by 10x Objective lens - correct answers Magnified by ten times by the ocular What kinds of dyes are used in a simple stain? - correct answers Simple stain uses methylene blue, safranin, and crystal violet Differential stains - correct answers Allow microbiologists to determine cell size, morphology, and arrangement. It can also help tell if bacteria can be acid fast, capsule endospores, or flagella Acidic stains in microbiology - correct answers Nigrosene, India ink, carbolfuschin Basic stains in microbiology - correct answers Crystal violet, safranin, methylene blue Gram + positive bacteria - correct answers Have a thicker peptidoglycan wall than gram negative cells

  • Turn purple after gram staining Teichoic acids - correct answers Phosphorylated polyalcohols found in the cell walls of Gram positive bacteria
  • Helps bacteria trap the dye in staining

Endospores - correct answers Dormant form of bacterium that allows it to survive in poor environmental conditions

  • contain keratin
  • uses bacillussbutillis
  • Gram positive rods from endospores Nutrient sporulation media - correct answers It's designed to make microorganisms produce spores Inoculation - correct answers Introducing bacteria into a media Streaking - correct answers Inoculating bacteria (once) and spreading it around the medium What is the purpose of streaking? - correct answers Streaking produces individual isolated colonies from pure and mixed culture Defined medium - correct answers Exact amount and identity of each ingredient is known (ex: amino acids, vitamins, growth factors) Undefined medium - correct answers Exact amount of composition and media is unknown (ex: TSA, nutrient agar) Complex medium - correct answers Medium whose exact chemical compositions are unknown
  • broth media- No agar, TSB, Urea
  • semi solid- SIM, FTM
  • solids- plate, slant, or deep medium (TSA, TSIA) 7 shapes of bacteria - correct answers Coccus (circular), Bacillus (rod), Spirillum (cylinder), Vibrio (curved rods), Spirochete (spirals), Filamentous, and Pleomorphic (many shapes, may be indistinguishable from other shapes) Staphylococcus - correct answers Resemble a cluster of grapes Filiform growth - correct answers An agar growth pattern; dense and opaque with smooth edge along the line of inoculation Friable - correct answers Crusty growth; motile organisms produce growth with a spreading edge Pelicle - correct answers Broth characteristic; when some of the bacteria floats on top of medium and produces a surface membrane Sediment - correct answers Bacteria sinking to the bottom Uniform fine turbidity - correct answers Finely dispersed growth throughout broth Flocullent - correct answers Clumping growth

Fermentation - correct answers Derives energy from the oxidation of organic compounds Bacterial fermentation products - correct answers Alcohols and acids Catalase test - correct answers Used for aerobic respirers Utilization media - correct answers Differentiate organisms based on their ability to grow when an essential nutrient (carbon/nitrogen) is limited

  • sodium citrate supplies carbon
  • ammonium supplies nitrogen Exvenxyme tests - correct answers Starch hydrolysis, casease, gelatinase Intracellular tests - correct answers Urease Starch test - correct answers - agar- tests if an organism can produce alpha amylase and oligo-lib-glucosidase
  • medium containers beef extract, soluble starch, and agar. Hydrolytic Urease - correct answers Catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea, forming ammonia and CO Urea - correct answers Broth, medium contains yeast extract and urea. Hydrolytic

Casease - correct answers Enzyme used by bacteria to hydrolysis casein, the molecule that makes milk white

  • uses milk agar- undefined medium containing pancreatic digest of casein, yeast extract, dextrose, and powdered milk Gelatin - correct answers Protein derived from collagen. A component of vertebrate connective tissue
  • gelatinase- hydrolyzes gelatin
  • medium contains gelatin, peptane, and beef extract (t) results if gelatin liquified Combination and differential media - correct answers Combines components of several compatible tests into one medium (ex: SIM, TSIA) SIM (semisolid media) - correct answers Media used to conduct sulfur reduction, indole production from tryptophan, and motility Cysteine desulfurase - correct answers Catalyzes the purification on cysteine to prywate thiosulfate reductase- reduces sulfur to H2S, which is indicated by a black precipitate Kovak's reagent - correct answers Contains dimethylanobenzylaldehyde and HCl dissolved in amyl alcohol
  • Reacts with DMABA and indole, making the reagent layer red