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MICROBIAL WORLD - CHAPTERS 1-7 QUIZ
QUESTIONS 2025
Bacteria __________________. a. Have a nuclear membrane surrounding their genetic material b. Are acellular c. Have prokaryotic cells d. Have eukaryotic cells - correct answers B Organelles are _______________. a. Found only in eukaryotic cells b. Found only in multicellular organisms c. Found only in unicellular organisms d. Small structures found in viruses - correct answers A The ability to maintain conditions inside a living cell that are different than the conditions in the surrounding environment is called _____________. a. Metabolism b. The cell theory c. Homeostasis d. Evolution - correct answers C The two major groups of prokaryotes are the ___________________.
MICROBIAL WORLD - CHAPTERS 1-7 QUIZ
QUESTIONS 2025
a. Bacteria and archaea b. Bacteria and protozoa c. Protozoa and fungi d. Protozoa and algae - correct answers A Viruses _________________. a. Are infectious proteins b. Are capable of replication c. Do not have their own genetic information d. Are composed of cells - correct answers B If a scientist is working in applied microbiology, he or she is _____________________. a. Performing an experiment without a control group b. Working with a model organism c. Trying to solve a specific problem with practical applications d. Trying to understand a fundamental biological phenomenon - correct answers C When using the scientific method, a tentative explanation to a specific question is called _______________. a. An experiment b. A theory
MICROBIAL WORLD - CHAPTERS 1-7 QUIZ
QUESTIONS 2025
c. Guess d. Hypothesis that is ready for testing - correct answers A The most basic unit of an element is ________________. a. An atom b. An electron c. A proton d. A neutron - correct answers A Which of the following carries a negative charge? a. A neutron b. The nucleus c. A proton d. An electron - correct answers D Which of the following electrons has the most energy? a. An electron that is in a shell relatively distant from the nucleus b. An electron that is in the first shell, closest to the nucleus c. An electron that is tightly held by the nucleus d. An electron that is very stable - correct answers A
MICROBIAL WORLD - CHAPTERS 1-7 QUIZ
QUESTIONS 2025
Which of the following atoms is a negatively charged ion? a. An inert gas b. An atom that becomes stable by losing an electron c. An atom that is stable without gaining or losing electrons d. An atom that becomes stable by gaining an electron - correct answers D An ionic bond is most likely to form between ________________. a. Two positively charged ions b. A negatively and a positively charged ion c. Two uncharged atoms d. Two negatively charged ions - correct answers B A covalent bond is most likely to form between ______________. a. Two atoms, both of which typically become stable by losing an electron b. Two atoms, both of which typically become stable by gaining an electron c. A negatively and a positively charged ion d. Two salts - correct answers B In a non-polar covalent bond _________________.
MICROBIAL WORLD - CHAPTERS 1-7 QUIZ
QUESTIONS 2025
c. Water d. A hydrocarbon - correct answers D Which of the following statements is FALSE? a. Carbohydrates are hydrophilic molecules b. Living things use carbohydrates for structure and for energy storage c. Carbohydrates are composed principally of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen d. Carbohydrates are unable to dissolve in water - correct answers D Compared to carbohydrates, lipids _____________________. a. Contain more polar covalent bonds per unit of weight b. Contain less energy per unit of weight c. Are more hydrophilic than the carbohydrate d. Contain more carbon-hydrogen bonds per unit of weight - correct answers D The precise, three-dimensional shape of a protein is largely determined by ___________ a. The manner in which the protein can be denatured b. Interactions of the protein with water c. Peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids d. Interactions between R-groups on amino acids within the protein - correct answers D
MICROBIAL WORLD - CHAPTERS 1-7 QUIZ
QUESTIONS 2025
Enzymes work by ___________________ a. Raising the activation energy for a specific reaction b. Donating electrons to the substrate c. Lowering the activation energy for a specific reaction d. Making the substrate more stable - correct answers C Which of the following statements about nucleic acids is TRUE? a. For most living things, RNA serves as the genetic material b. DNA is organized into genes, each of which codes for a protein or part of a protein c. DNA contains purines, while RNA contains pyrimidines d. DNA is a single-stranded molecule, while RNA is double-stranded - correct answers B In the simple staining technique ___________________. a. The cytoplasm is stained with positively charged stains b. Positively charged stains are used because they adhere to negative charges on the plasma membrane c. Negatively charged stains are used because they adhere to positive charges on the plasma membrane d. The goal is to reduce contrast between the cell and its background - correct answers B
MICROBIAL WORLD - CHAPTERS 1-7 QUIZ
QUESTIONS 2025
Which of the following is most likely to undergo lysis? a. A cell with a hydrophilic outermost layer in its cell wall b. A cell losing water from its cytoplasm c. A cell with an intact, multi-layer peptidoglycan cell wall d. A cell with disrupted pentaglycine bridges in its cell wall - correct answers D Which of the following molecules can serve as endotoxin? a. Porin proteins b. Peptidoglycan c. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide d. Plasma membrane lipids - correct answers C In an acid-fast stain ____________________. a. Gram-positive bacteria can be distinguished from gram-negative and acid-fast bacteria b. Acid-fast bacteria can be distinguished from non-acid-fast bacteria c. Gram-negative bacteria, gram-positive bacteria, and acid-fast bacteria can all be distinguished from each other d. Gram-negative bacteria can be distinguished from gram-positive and acid-fast bacteria - correct answers B Bacteria that lack a cell wall ______________________
MICROBIAL WORLD - CHAPTERS 1-7 QUIZ
QUESTIONS 2025
a. Are especially vulnerable to penicillin b. Include sterols in their plasma membranes to increase membrane stability c. Are more common than bacteria with a cell wall d. Are all spherical in shape - correct answers B The cell walls of archaea ________________________ a. Are always composed of a rigid protein layer b. Are always composed of a thick carbohydrate layer c. Never contain peptidoglycan d. Always contain peptidoglycan - correct answers C Which of the following is an accurate description of the phospholipid bilayer in the plasma membrane of bacteria? a. Each phospholipid is covalently bound to other adjacent phospholipids in the membrane b. Phosphate groups on the phospholipids are projected out on both sides of the bilayer c. Phosphate groups on the phospholipids move back and forth between the surface and the interior of the membrane d. Phosphate groups on the phospholipids are projected in towards the interior of the bilayer - correct answers B
MICROBIAL WORLD - CHAPTERS 1-7 QUIZ
QUESTIONS 2025
b. Plant and fungal cells c. Fungal cells only d. Plant, fungal, and animal cells - correct answers B In eukaryotic cells, cilia are used to ________________ a. Facilitate movement of the cell b. Promote stability of the plasma membrane c. Assist in the transport of materials across the plasma membrane d. Help the cell adhere to surfaces - correct answers A Which of the following is part of the endomembrane system of eukaryotic cells? a. The mitochondrion b. The cytoskeleton c. The golgi apparatus d. The chloroplast - correct answers C Which of the following statements is TRUE? a. A class is a group of closely related kingdoms b. A phylum is a group of closely related species c. A genus is a group of closely related orders
MICROBIAL WORLD - CHAPTERS 1-7 QUIZ
QUESTIONS 2025
d. A family is a group of closely related genera - correct answers D Phylogenetics _____________________ a. Is the science of grouping all living things into one of five kingdoms b. Is the science of grouping all living things based on anatomic similarity c. Has been largely replaced by the system of binomial nomenclature d. Is the science of grouping all living things based on evolutionary similarity - correct answers D "Escherichia coli" is the name of an important type of bacteria. Which of the following shows the name of this organism in proper form? a. escherichia coli b. Escherichia Coli c. Escherichia coli d. escherichia Coli - correct answers C If two species arose from a common ancestor relatively recently _________________ a. They will have a relatively large number of different mutations b. There will be relatively few differences in their DNA c. There will be a large number of differences in their DNA d. It will be impossible to determine their relationship to each other - correct answers B
MICROBIAL WORLD - CHAPTERS 1-7 QUIZ
QUESTIONS 2025
a. Archaea are more closely related to eukaryotes than they are to bacteria b. Bacteria are more closely related to eukaryotes than they are to archaea c. Bacteria and archaea ae more closely related to each other than wither is to eukaryotic organisms d. Bacteria are the direct descendants of archaea - correct answers A In parasitic protozoa ______________________ a. The feeding stage of the life cycle is called the cyst b. The reproducing stage of the life cycle is called the trophozoite c. The feeding stage of the life cycle is called the vector d. Reproduction takes place outside the host and feeding takes place inside the host - correct answers B Organisms that grow on dead material are called ____________________ a. Heterotrophs b. Autotrophs c. Parasites d. Saprophytes - correct answers D The entire network of tube-like structures that make up the body of many fungi is called the __________________ a. Mycelium
MICROBIAL WORLD - CHAPTERS 1-7 QUIZ
QUESTIONS 2025
b. Mold c. Filament d. Hyphae - correct answers A Mycorrhizal associations are especially common in _________________ a. Freshwater habitats b. Marine habitats c. Environments with low levels of soil nutrients d. Habitats where there are few plants - correct answers C Which of the following diseases is caused by an apicomplexan protozoan? a. Malaria b. White noise syndrome c. Cholera d. Valley fever - correct answers A All viral particles contain _______________ a. Either DNA or RNA b. DNA only c. Both DNA and RNA
MICROBIAL WORLD - CHAPTERS 1-7 QUIZ
QUESTIONS 2025
c. Broad range and broad specificity d. Broad range and a narrow specificity - correct answers B How does an enveloped virus attach to a host cell? a. It may use either capsid proteins, its phospholipid envelope, or its glycoproteins b. It uses glycoproteins to bind to proteins on the surface of the host cell c. It uses capsid proteins to bind to proteins on the surface of host cells d. It uses the phospholipid envelope to bind to proteins on the surface of host cells - correct answers B Which of the following accurately describes the steps in the replication of an animal virus? a. Attachment > uncoating > synthesis > assembly > penetration > release b. Attachment > penetration > uncoating > synthesis > assembly > release c. Attachment > synthesis > assembly > uncoating > penetration > release d. Attachment > uncoating > penetration > assembly > synthesis > release - correct answers B If a newly assembled viral particle leaves a host cell by budding, we can assume that the virus is ______________ a. An enveloped virus b. An icosahedral virus
MICROBIAL WORLD - CHAPTERS 1-7 QUIZ
QUESTIONS 2025
c. A DNA virus d. An RNA virus e. A helical virus - correct answers A Which type of virus converts single-stranded RNA to double-stranded DNA and then back to single-stranded RNA? a. Retroviruses b. DNA viruses c. RNA viruses d. Enveloped viruses - correct answers A Which type of virus relies on RNA-dependent RNA polymerase to copy its genetic material? a. All viruses require this enzyme b. RNA viruses c. Retroviruses d. DNA viruses - correct answers B Viral infections in which the cell remains infected, but there is no immediate production of viral progeny, are called ___________________ infections. a. Latent b. Acute
