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This document contains all answers to Exam 1. ALL HIGHLIGHTED ANSWERS ARE THE CORRECT ANSWERS. QUESTIONS MAY BE OUT OF ORDER DUE TO THE PROFESSOR SHUFFLING THEM ON YOUR END.
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Differences in what structure account for whether a bacterium is Gram-positive or Gram- negative? Flagellum Cytoplasmic membrane DNA Cell wall Ribosomes
The enzyme responsible for ATP production during oxidative phosphorylation is known as cytochrome oxidase cytochrome b ATP synthase ATP synthetase Photosystem I
A strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae is no longer able to synthesize its capsular polysaccharide What is a likely outcome?
It will produce more potent toxins which damage the host It will no longer be able to carry out fermentation It will be rapidly phagocytized upon entering the host It will no longer be motile It will not be able to appropriately transport ions across its plasma membrane
Pyruvic acid must be converted into ___________ before entering the Krebs cycle Glycerol NAD+ Lactic acid Acetyl-CoA glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
In fermentation, the terminal electron acceptor is an organic compound carbon dioxide (CO 2 )
A Family is made up of Genera Species Groups Orders Classes
Which scientist performed the first vaccination? Koch Fleming Pasteur Jenner Lister
Which of the following reactions of the Krebs cycle results in the production of ATP? Succinyl~CoA ® Succinic acid Pyruvic acid ® Citric acid Citric acid ® Isocitric acid
Malic acid ® Oxaloacetic acid
What is the correct order for the application of Koch's postulates? I. Inoculate suspect agent into test subject and observe that subject develops disease of interest. II. Isolate and culture suspect agent in the laboratory. III. Find suspect agent is every case of disease of interest but not in healthy hosts. IV. Recover and isolate suspect agent from test subject. III, I, IV, II I, II, III, IV III, II, I, IV IV, I, III, II
Where are phospholipids most likely found in a prokaryotic cell? ribosomes the plasma membrane the plasma membrane and organelles organelles
Oxidative phosphorylation Glycolysis Substrate-level phosphorylation Fermentation Photophosphorylation
A bacterium that only possesses the ability to ferment obtains energy by fermentation or aerobic respiration. by aerobic respiration only. only in the presence of oxygen. only in the absence of oxygen.
The following figure shows how different bacterial species grow in a tube of solid medium ( pts): 1 2 3 4 5 Organism 2 is a Microaerophile Obligate aerobe Obligate anaerobe Facultative anaerobe
Which of the following individuals pioneered the use of chemicals to reduce the incidence of infections during surgery by using carbolic acid? Ehrlich Snow Lister Nightingale Pasteur
6. Which of the following describes the correct path of light in a compound light microscope, from the illumination source to the eye of the observer? Illuminator → condenser lenses → specimen → objective lenses → body tube → ocular lens → eye objective lenses → specimen → illuminator → condenser lenses → body tube → ocular lens → eye Illuminator → ocular lens → body tube → condenser lenses → specimen → objective lenses → eye condenser lenses → illuminator → specimen → objective lenses → body tube → ocular lens → eye
Which of the following statements about fungi is FALSE? Fungi have a cell wall. Yeasts are unicellular. Molds are multicellular. Fungi are eukaryotes. Fungi are photosynthetic
This staining technique is used to visualize red and white blood cells as well as some parasites.
Negative staining Giemsa staining Gram staining Acid-Fast staining Endospore staining
Where is the majority of ATP generated in most eukaryotic cells? in the plasma membrane in the mitochondria in the cytosol on ribosomes in the cytoplasmic membrane
What bacterial structure is usually observed by negative staining? Capsule Flagellum Endospore Pilus Cell wall
The flasks he used were sealed with corks. The flasks were incubated for very long periods of tim The necks of the flasks he used were bent into an S-shape The flasks were free of microbes until they were opene
The acid-fast stain is used to observe members of what bacterial genus? Escherichia Mycobacterium Neisseria All of the above None of the above
What type of microscope uses a pinhole aperture to produce 3-D reconstructive images? Transmission Confocal Fluorescence Light microscope
The following figure shows how different bacterial species grow in a tube of solid medium ( pts): 1 2 3 4 5 Which of the microorganism is an obligate anaerobe? Organism 1 Organism 2 Organism 4 Organism 5 Organism 3
If a light microscope has a 10x ocular lens and a 100x objective lens, how large would the image of a bacterium 1.0 μm in diameter appear? 1 μm 1 mm
50S ribosome 40S ribosome A cytoplasmic membrane DNA
In prokaryotes, the electron transport chain is located… In the cytoplasmic membrane In the mitochondrion In the cell wall In the cytoplasm In the nucleoid
This eukaryotic structure is responsible for the synthesis of phospholipids, fats, and steroids. Rough ER and Smooth ER Rough ER Smooth ER Nucleus
Ribosome
Which of the following organisms lacks a nucleus? Bacteria None of the above Animal Protozoa Fungi
Teichoic acids are typically found in Cell walls of Gram-negative bacteria Cell walls of Gram-positive bacteria Outer membranes of Gram-positive bacteria Outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria
What is the end product of glycolysis?
Which of the following is true of anabolic reactions? Anabolic reactions break down complex organic compounds into simpler ones. Anabolic and catabolic reactions both build complex organic molecules from simpler ones; however, anabolic reactions use ATP, whereas catabolic reactions transfer energy to produce ATP. Anabolic reactions release energy, which is used to produce ATP. Anabolic reactions use ATP and small substrates as building blocks to synthesize larger molecules.
Which of the following reactions of glycolysis is responsible for the production of ATP? Fructose 1,6-biphosphate ® Dihydroxyacetone-phosphate PEP ® Pyruvic acid Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate ® 1,3-biphosphoglyceric acid Glucose ® Glucose-6-phosphate
The Krebs cycle occurs in what cellular location? mitochondria in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes
cytosol in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes cytosol in prokaryotes and plasma membrane in eukaryotes cytosol in prokaryotes and mitochondria in eukaryotes
During the light-independent stage of photosynthesis, this series of reactions plays a key role in the synthesis of glucose using ATP and NADPH generated by light-dependent reactions. Calvin-Benson cycle Entner-Doudorof pathway Glycolysis Krebs cycle Pentose phosphate pathway
Which of the following elements is NOT correctly matched with its cellular function? sulfur – used for synthesis of thiamin and biotin phosphorus – used for production of carbohydrates. nitrogen – needed for amino acid synthesis magnesium and potassium – required as cofactors for enzymes