



Study with the several resources on Docsity
Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan
Prepare for your exams
Study with the several resources on Docsity
Earn points to download
Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan
Community
Ask the community for help and clear up your study doubts
Discover the best universities in your country according to Docsity users
Free resources
Download our free guides on studying techniques, anxiety management strategies, and thesis advice from Docsity tutors
Microbiology Chapter 1 Test, Microorganisms ,Germs,Pathogens
Typology: Exercises
1 / 6
This page cannot be seen from the preview
Don't miss anything!
Microbiology Chapter 1 Microorganisms ✔✔Organisms that are too small to be seen with the unaided eye Germ ✔✔Rapidly growing cell Pathogenic ✔✔Disease-causing What are some good things that microbes do? ✔✔
Decompose organic waste (Without them we'd have too much waste)
They are producers in the ecosystem by photosynthesis
They produce industrial chemicals such as ethanol and acetone
Produce fermented foods such as vinegar, cheese, and bread.
Produce products used in manufacturing and treatment (insulin)
Create Designer Jeans What does the knowledge of microorganisms allow humans to do? ✔✔1. Prevent food spoilage
Prevent disease occurrence (prevention by understanding them)
Led to aseptic techniques to prevent contamination in meds and in labs What are aseptic techniques? ✔✔Techniques that keeps thing sterile and avoids cross contamination to prevent spread Who established the system of scientific nomenclature? ✔✔Linnaeus Each organism has two names, what are these two names called? ✔✔The Genus and the Species (aka specific epithet) How do scientific names differ from other names? ✔✔Scientific names are italicized or underlined. Also, the genus is capitalized which the species is lower case. (Ex. E.coli) Scientific names are latinized and used worldwide and can be very descriptive or they can honor a scientist. What is Escherichia coli and how did it get that name? ✔✔Escherichia coli is also known as E.coli. E.coli honors the discoverer, Theodor Escherich, and describes the habitat of the E.coli which is in the large intestine or colon (coli). What is Staphylococcus aureus and how did it get that name? ✔✔Staphylococcus aureus describes the arrangement of the bacterium which is: clustered (staphylo) spperical (cocci) cells, Along with the gold color of the bacterium's colonies (aureus). How are scientific names used when writing a paper or a lab report? ✔✔After the first use, scientific names may be abbreviated with the first letter of the genus and the specific epithet.
What are some types of microorganisms? ✔✔1. Bacteria
Microbial growth is also responsible for the spoilage of food: True or False ✔✔True What did Pasteur demonstrate about killing bacteria that spoiled food? ✔✔It could be killed by heat that was not hot enough to evaporate the alcohol in wine. (Pasteurization) Pasteurization ✔✔The application of a high heat for a short time to sterilize and kill of the microorganisms. How was the first vaccination discovered? ✔✔In 1796, Edward Jenner inoculated a person with cowpox virus, who was then protected from small pox. Where does the word "Vaccination" come from? ✔✔It is derived from "vacca," which means "cow" What is protection against disease called? ✔✔Immunity Chemotherapy ✔✔Treatment with chemicals Synthetic Drugs ✔✔Another name for antibiotics, they are chemotherapeutic agents used to treat infectious disease Antibiotic ✔✔Chemicals produced by bacteria and fungi that inhibit or kill other microbes Who discovered the first antibiotic? ✔✔Alexander Fleming observed that Penicillium fungus made an antibiotic, penicillin, that killed S.aureus Bacteriology ✔✔The study of bacteria Mycology ✔✔Study of Fungi Virology ✔✔The study of viruses Parasitology ✔✔The study of protozoa and parasitic worms Immunology ✔✔The study of immunity What did Rebecca Lancefield propose in 1933? ✔✔That the use of immunology to identify some bacteria according to serotypes, also known as specific grains. Microbial Genetics ✔✔The study of how microbes inherit traits Molecular biology ✔✔The study of how DNA directs protein synthesis
Genomics ✔✔The study of an organism's genes; has provided new tools for classifying microorganisms and link specific strains Recombinant DNA ✔✔DNA made from two different sources (using cells to mass produce) What kind of things do bacteria recycle? ✔✔Carbon, nutrients, sulfur, and phosphorus that can be used by plants and animals What are prions? ✔✔Infectious protein particles What is the process of bioremediation? ✔✔Bacteria can be used to degrade organic matter in sewage, and degrade/detoxify pollutants such as oil and mercury Biological Insecticides ✔✔Microbes that are pathogenic to insects are alternatives to chemical pesticides in preventing insect damage to crops and disease transmission What is an example of a biological insecticide? ✔✔Bacillus thuringiensis. The infections are fatal in many insects but harmless to other animals, including humans and to plants. Biotechnology ✔✔The use of microbes to produce foods and chemicals is centuries old (example: insulin, cheese, gum, etc). Recombinant DNA technology ✔✔A new technique for biotechnology, enables bacteria and fungi to produce a variety of proteins including vaccines and enzymes Gene Therapy ✔✔The process of replacing missing or defective genes in human cells What are genetically modified bacteria used for with crops? ✔✔They are used to protect crops from insects and from freezing Normal Microbiota ✔✔Microbes normally present in and on the human body (associated with skin, hair, body in and out) True or False: Normal microbiota prevent growth on pathogens ✔✔True What kind of growth factors do normal microbiota produce? ✔✔Folic Acid and Vitamin K Resistance ✔✔The ability of the body to ward off disease. Resistance factors include skin, stomach acid, and antimicrobial chemicals. Biofilms ✔✔Microbes attach to solid surfaces and grow into masses. They will grow on rocks, pipes, teeth, and medical implants