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Microbiology Chapter 4 UTA Tholen
questions with answers
Prokaryotes (Bacteria and Archaea) are - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔everywhere. Prokaryotes are - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔VERY adaptable & resilient Prokaryotes have the ability to - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔switch metabolic or respiration methods Mutualism - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔both populations benefit; ex: gut nutrition metabolism Amensalism - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔one population is harmed and the other is unaffected; ex: antimicrobial defense on skin Commensalism - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔one population is benefitted and the other is unaffected; ex: Skin cells as food source Neutralism - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔both populations are unaffected; Spores in soil
Parasitism - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔one population is benefitted, the other is harmed; ex: Tuberculosis Polymicrobial "communities" - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔group of interacting populations of organisms Prokaryotes + Eukaryote microbes= microbes - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔microbiome Microbiota - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔all prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms that are associated with a certain organism or environment cooperative - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔biofilm formation competing - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔scarce nutrients Resident microbiota - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔microorganisms that constantly live in/on our bodies transient microbiota - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔microorganisms temporarily found in the human body, may include pathogenic microorganisms prokaryotes - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔don't reproduce sexually; classified by stains
Alphaproteobacteria: Chlamydia - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔causative agents for lymphogranuloma venereum (STD) Betoproteobacteria - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Eutrophs require many nutrients; prominent genera include Bordetella and Neisseria Betoproteobacteria: Bordetella - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔causative agents whooping (pertussis) cough; produces toxins to paralyze lung cilia Betoproteobacteria: Neisseria gonorrhea - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔causative agent for gonorrhea STD Betoproteobacteria: Neisseria meningitides - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔causative agent for bacterial meningitis Gammaproteobacteria - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔MOST DIVERSE Prominent genera: Pseudomonas, Pasteurella, Haemophilus, Vibrio, Legionella, Enterobacter family Gammaproteobacteria: Pseudomonas aeruginosa - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔common infection of wounds, urinary tract, & respiratory tract Gammaproteobacteria: Pasteurella haemolytica - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔causative agent for severe pneumonia in animals
Gammaproteobacteria: Haemophilus influenza - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔causative agent for upper & lower respiratory infections Gammaproteobacteria: Vibrio spp. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔commonly found in alkaline environments such as ocean ports & lagoons Gammaproteobacteria: Vibirio cholera - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔causative agent of cholera and common to water contamination Gammaproteobacteria: Legionella pneumophila - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔causative agent for Legionnaire's disease and common to water contamination Gammaproteobacteria - Enterobacteria Family - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔includes E. coli, & Salmonella spp; Coliforms - "E. coli - like" microbes that ferment lactose completely; Noncoliforms - fermentation of lactose is incomplete or absent Deltaproteobacteria - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Relatively small class; includes: sulfate reducing bacteria; Parasitic Bdellovibrio spp.; soil dwelling Myxobacteria "slime bacteria" Epsilonproteobacteria - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔smallest class(microaerophilic); prominent genera Campylobacter and helicobacter
CFB Group: Planctomycetes - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔aquatic microbes that exist as budding sessile cells & swarmer cells; specialized form of reproduction Gram Positive Bacteria - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔gram stain purple; Guanine + cytosine content; Class Actinobacteria - high G+C content (>50%); Class Bacilli - low G+C content (<50%) Actinobacteria - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔extremely diverse; thin filamentous to coccobacilli shaped; important to soil ecology; prominent genera Mycobacterium, Corynebacterium, Bifidobacterium, Gardnerella Actinobacteria: Mycobacterium spp. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Acid fast (+) due to mycolic acid in cell wall; causative agent for tuberculosis & leprosy Actinobacteria: Corynebacterium spp. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Diaminopimelic acids in cell wall; Most are non-pathogenic; C. diphtheria is causative agent for diphtheria Actinobacteria: Bifidobacterium spp. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Filamentous & anaerobic; Frequently used as probiotic Actinobacteria: Gardnerella vaginalis - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Only one species; Gram variable: inconsistent stain results; Causative agent for bacterial vaginosis
Bacillus - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔•Low G+C content; no other common characteristic; Prominent genera: Clostridium, Lactobacillus, Bacilli, Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Staphylococcus, Mycoplasmas Bacillus: Clostridia - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔mostly obligate anaerobes; Endospore producers, Soil dwelling, Common food contaminant Clostridia: C. perfringens - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔agent for food poisoning and gangrene Clostridia: C. tetani - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔producer of neurotoxin and agent for tetanus Clostridia: C. botulinum - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔producer of botulinum neurotoxin Clostridia: C. difficile - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔hospital infection, causes severe colitis Bacillus: Lactobacillales - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔contains bacilli & cocci; Prominent Genera: Streptococcus Streptococcus - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔S. pyogenes - β-hemolytic cocci associate with pus production, strep throat
Bacillus: Mycoplasma - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔no cell wall and do not retain crystal violet; Extremely small; Cell wall antibiotics do not work; Only classified by genome Mycoplasma: • M. pneumoniae - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔agent for walking pneumonia
