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An overview of the two main types of cells, procaryotic and eucaryotic, based on their morphology and organization. It covers the similarities and differences in biochemical activities and genetics, cell morphology and organization, and cell division processes. Procaryotic cells, represented by bacteria, lack internal membranous organelles, have smaller ribosomes, and undergo binary fission for cell division. Eucaryotic cells, which make up the majority of cellular life forms, contain membranous organelles, have a true nucleus, and undergo mitosis for cell division.
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I. Cellular Life A. Biochemical and Genetic Activities l. Tremendous similarities in the biochemical activities and genetics of all cellular life forms a. DNA as the chief heritable genetic material b. Similar mechanisms of fermentation and aerobic respiration utilized for the formation and storage of energy as well as photosynthetic processes c. Almost identical methods of protein synthesis, nucleic acid synthesis, and polysaccharide synthesis
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