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MHA 710 Test 2: Questions & Answers
What is responsible for over one half of the gap in life expectancy between the US and Canada? (Ans- Obesity The economic argument for legalizing drugs (Ans- is based on the assumption that for most non-users, the demand is relatively price elastic Insurance works best in situations where: (Ans- There is a low probability of a large loss A ______ % of the French population is obese; they consume ____ fat than Americans do. (Ans- small; less The goal of health insurance is to: (Ans- Spread risk over a large group of people
Eliminating health disparities across various population groups requires that we (Ans- Address the source of disparities in behavioral, socioeconomic, and environmental factors A prepaid hospital plan created by Baylor Hospital for a group of Dallas public school teachers in 1929 is considered by many to be the forerunner of (Ans- Blue Cross The nature of health care delivery will be different in the future due to (Ans- Rising % of elderly in the total population All of the following are true for indemnity insurance except that: (Ans- it serves as the basis for all health insurance coverage in most developed countries, including the US Suppose a group of 100 people seeks out an insurance company to underwrite health insurance for its members. The expected medical spending for the group is $150,000. If an additional 10 people who have expected medical spending of $5,000 per person on average join the group, the new premium will be approximately (Ans- $2,
Premiums based on experience ratings (Ans- are based on the loss experience of the insured. People buy insurance (Ans- Because they are risk averse One result of asymmetric information in health insurance markets is (Ans- Adverse Selection Moral Hazard and adverse selection are both examples of (Ans- asymmetric information Insurance works best in situations where (Ans- there is a low probability of a large loss Analysts cite figures on the number of uninsured in the US as low as 10 million and as high as 60 million. Which of the following is a true statement? (Ans- Most of the uninsured have some labor-force connection either working or as a dependent of someone who is working.
The highest incidence of those without health insurance occurs in which age category? (Ans- 18 - 34 years of age many individuals without health insurance receive "free" care. What are the sources of most of the care they receive? (Ans- Public hospitals and clinics Many economists consider medical care a superior good. Which of the following statements is true regarding a superior good? (Ans- As consumer incomes increases, consumers spend more on superior goods. The primary tasks required to conduct a successful cost effectiveness study are all of the following except: (Ans- identifying the overall cost of a health condition on society. There are substantial differences in medical care use by demographic characteristics such as age, sex, and marital status. Which of the following statements is true (Ans- Adult women spend more money on medical care than men do.
Suppose your assignment is to use the standard time trade-off approach to measure quality of life. You are given the following information: An individual is faced with living the remaining 10 years of their life suffering from severe osteoporosis. The individual reveals that they would be willing to give up four of those years to live the remaining six in perfect health. What is the utility of one year in a chronic health state relative to perfect health? (Ans- 0. Suppose you must rely exclusively on cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) to determine whether a category of people receives an expensive, potentially life-saving, intervention. Which of the following considerations must you keep in mind when making your decision? (Ans- CEA ignores the possibility that certain unidentified individuals in a group may have a greater than normal positive response to the treatment. Under which of the following circumstances in the principal-agent relationship likely to be most problematic? (Ans- Between surgeons and patients
The accompanying diagram depicts the relationship between health status and medical care spending for a particular country. Assume the current spending level is S1 on TP1. All of the statements below are incorrect, except? (Ans- S1 levels of spending are often described as spending on the flat of the curve. The concept of quality-adjusted life year (QALY) (Ans- is used extensively to evaluate medical care resource allocation within government-run programs on fixed budgets, especially in Europe. Which of the following is least responsible for the reduction in mortality rates in Europe and North America? (Ans- More effective medical interventions A physician's ability to induce demand is greatly enhanced when: (Ans- Patients have difficulty gathering and processing information When measuring the effectiveness of a treatment, surrogate measures reflect clinical efficacy and include: (Ans- Bone mass Density BMD
Cost effectiveness considerations are more formally integrated into health policy making in: (Ans- Australia, Europe, and Canada Many economists consider medical care a superior good. Which of the following statements is true regarding a superior good? (Ans- As consumer income increases, a larger % of that income is spent on superior goods, AND a superior good has an income elasticity of demand greater than 1. A critical assumption in the model of demand and supply is the independence of demand and supply curves. If the two are not independent, a shift in the supply curve can lead to a shift in the demand curve referred to ask: (Ans- Supplier-induced demand Top 10 causes of death in the US in 2010 included all of the following except: (Ans- AIDS
Healthcare that actually harms the patient, such as an adverse reaction to a prescription drug, is called: (Ans- Iatrogenic disease The number one cause of death in the US in 1980 was (Ans- Heart Disease The concept quality-adjusted life year (QALY) (Ans- Is used extensively to evaluate medical care resource allocation within government run programs on fixed budgets, especially in Europe Suppose the recipient of a kidney transplant has stated that she would prefer 5 years of perfect health to the 10 years she expects to live with her transplant. For this person, each of her remaining 10 years of life has a QALY value of (Ans- 1/ The RAND Health Insurance Study (Ans- Was the most extensive controlled experiment in health insurance ever conducted in the US The following diagram depicts the market for physicians' services that is originally in equilibrium at point A with demand and supply at D0 and S0. As physician supply increased from S0 to S, a concurrent shift in demand from D0 to D1 (Ans- May be the result of physician induced demand AND will cause overall spending on physicians' services to increase.
In 2018, the overall obesity rate in the US is over ______________ %, with rates reaching higher than _____ % among African American women (Ans- 40; 50 Insurers try to minimize moral hazard by: (Ans- Charging deductibles and coinsurance An increase in the excise tax on alcohol of $1/liter (Ans- will save lives when coupled with a uniform drinking age. A person with AIDS has a guaranteed right to apply for health insurance and receive coverage at the same rate as a healthy person. Wht is the likly result for the insurance company? (Ans- Adverse selection All of the following are the results of moral hazard, except: (Ans- Rational ignorance
