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MHA 710 Exam 2: Questions & Answers
The economic argument for legalizing drugs: (Ans - is based on the assumption that for most non-users, the demand is relatively price elastic. A prepaid hospital plan created by Baylor Hospital for a group of Dallas public school teachers in 1929 is considered by many to be the forerunner of: (Ans - Blue Cross In 2001, life expectancy at birth in the United States was 77.2 years, increasing to 78.7 years in 2018. However, there remains a racial gap between Blacks and Whites. White life expectancy in 2018 was at 78. years, and Black life expectancy at 74.7 years. Causes of mortality reveals an interesting picture. Among Whites, __________ have a much higher rate than in Blacks, where __________ are much more prevalent. (Ans - suicides and chronic respiratory disease; homicides and heart disease
All of the following are true for indemnity insurance except that: (Ans – it serves as the basis for all health insurance coverage in most developed countries, including the United States. The U.S. perinatal mortality rate (late fetal deaths plus deaths in the neonatal period) was 5.9 in 2018, lower than those found in: (Ans - France, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. What is responsible for over one-half of the gap in life expectancy between the U.S. and Canada? (Ans - Obesity Moral hazard and adverse selection are both examples of: (Ans - asymmetric information. In 2018, the overall obesity rate in the United States (as measured by BMI > 30) is over _____ percent, with rates reaching higher than _____ percent among African American women. (Ans – 40; 50
According to Grossman (1972), how is the demand for medical care determined? (Ans - It is derived from the demand for health Suppose your assignment is to use the standard time trade-off approach to measure quality of life. You are given the following information: An individual is faced with living the remaining 10 years of their life suffering from severe osteoporosis. The individual reveals that they would be willing to give up four of those years to live the remaining six in perfect health. What is the utility of one year in a chronic health state relative to perfect health? (Ans - 0. The standard cut-off for cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) used by most governmental decision makers is set in terms of a multiple of national per capita income. The value of the threshold is usually what percent of national per capita income? (Ans - 100 Researchers use cost-of-illness studies for all of the following except to: (Ans - compare the relative efficiency of treating various conditions The intangible costs associated with reduced quality of life include (Ans - pain and suffering.
Which of the following measures of effectiveness is an intermediate measure? (Ans - Hip fracture Factors affecting the level of medical care demand include all of the following except: (Ans - price of medical care A physician's ability to induce demand is greatly enhanced when: (Ans - patients have difficulty gathering and processing information When measuring the effectiveness of a treatment, surrogate measures reflect clinical efficacy and include: (Ans - bone-mass density (BMD) When area income increases by 20 percent, what occurs? (Ans - quantity demanded rises by 10.0 percent. The primary tasks required to conduct a successful cost effectiveness study are all of the following except: (Ans - identifying the overall cost of a health condition on society.
Many economists consider medical care a superior good. Which of the following statements is true regarding a superior good? (Ans - As consumer income increases, consumers spend more on superior goods. The concept of quality-adjusted life year (QALY): (Ans - is used extensively to evaluate medical care resource allocation within government-run programs on fixed budgets, especially in Europe The direct costs in an economic evaluation include all of the following except (Ans - reduced productivity at work. There are substantial differences in medical care use by demographic characteristics such as age, sex, and marital status. Which of the following statements is true? (Ans - Adult women spend more money on medical care than men do. Which of the following is least responsible for the reduction in mortality rates in Europe and North America? (Ans - More effective medical interventions All of the following are the results of moral hazard, except:
(Ans - Rational ignorance A ______ percentage of the French population is obese; they consume _______ fat than Americans do. (Ans - small; less Insurers try to minimize moral hazard by: (Ans - charging deductibles and coinsurance. The goal of health insurance is to: (Ans - collect sufficient premiums to cover all possible losses. Insurance works best in situations where: (Ans - there is a low probability of a large loss. A person with AIDS has a guaranteed right to apply for health insurance and receive coverage at the same rate as a healthy person. What is the likely result for the insurance company? (Ans - Adverse selection An increase in the excise tax on alcohol of $1 per liter:
