BIOMETALS IN
NEUROLOGICAL Function and DISEASE
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The Role of Zinc, Manganese, Iron, and Copper in Neurological Function and Disease, Slides of Nutrition
The vital role of metals such as zinc, manganese, iron, and copper in neurological function and their potential impact on disease. The functions of these metals in the brain, their atomic properties, and their effects on neurotransmission and neurotoxicity. It also discusses the relationship between these metals and neurodegenerative diseases such as alzheimer's and parkinson's.
Typology: Slides
2011/2012
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BIOMETALS IN
NEUROLOGICAL Function and DISEASE
Zn
2+
Cu
2+
Fe
2+
Mn
2+
The brain concentrates
metals better than any other
tissue in the body.
Ashley Bush
The brain is an organ
elaborated and functioning
from substances present in
the diet. J.M Bourre
Our brain does not work
properly without metals.
Why?
- Neurons release Zn at synapses to modulate nerve impulses across synapses
- Cu, Zn, and Mn are cofactors for antioxidant enzymes in the brain and other tissues
- Cu controls the activation and release of neuropeptide hormones
Fe is required for myelin synthesis and neurotransmitter release
Functions as a Modulator and Regulator Zn is an essential neuromodulator Zn is a potent neurotoxin Zn is an “atypical” neurotransmitter
Free Zn 2+^ is found exclusively in the presynaptic vesicles of glutamatergic neurons in the forebrain neurons of the cerebral cortex
It is not found in the cerebellar cortex (Cer Cx)or thalamus Cerebellar cortex
vesicular zinc
Zn
Control ZnT-3 Knockout
after Frederickson et al
Zn
Normal Hilus: Zn-neg or healthy neurons (black) in midst of Zn-pos axonal plexus
CA/4 hilar region 24 hr after a 7 min ischemia. TSQ stain (Zn-pos) are white
Hilus of the Dentate Gyrus of a Rabbit
After Frederickson, 2004
Mn
(Manganese)
Atomic Wt. = 54. Atomic No. = 25 Valence = Mn 2+
What we should know about
Manganese
- Basically, a neurotoxin
- Neonatal exposure linked to attention deficit
syndrome in children
- Striatal dopamine depletion linked to dietary
and environmental Mn exposure
- Olfactory neuron entrance to brain
- Manganese superoxide dismutase, a
mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme
Mn
What we should know
about Iron
- Myelin synthesis
- Thy1 synthesis (neurotransmitter release)
- Developmental processes in hippocampus
(apical dendritic morphology)
- Deposits in brain increase with age
- Synthesis of neuromelanin
Fe
Cu
(Copper)
Atomic Wt. = 63. Atomic No. = 29 Valence = Cu +^ , Cu 2+
Peptidylglycine-alpha amidating monooxygenase (PAM)
Pep
C
N
O
H
C
COOH
H
H
Pep
C
N
O
H
PAM H
Cu
+ HOOC-CHO
glyoxylate
Active hormone
PAM
Galanin (monoaminergic neurons)
Pancreastatin (Insulin control)
Gonadotropin releasing hormone (sex hormones)
Substance P (emotions)
Calcitonin (osteoporosis)
Neuropeptide Y (hunger, obesity)
Vasopressin (water homeostasis)
Gastrin (gastric acid)
Thyrotropin releasing horomone (thyroid hormone)
Cu