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Mental Health Review: Personality Disorders and Schizophrenia, Exams of Nursing

A comprehensive review of various mental health topics, including genetic temperament traits, psychodynamic character traits, psychopharmacology based on personality disorder symptoms, psychotherapy for personality disorders, protective factors against antisocial behavior, and the characteristics, etiology, symptoms, and treatment of schizophrenia and related disorders. A wide range of mental health concepts, from personality disorders to psychotic disorders, making it a valuable resource for students, healthcare professionals, and individuals interested in understanding the complexities of mental health. The detailed information on diagnostic criteria, treatment approaches, and nursing interventions offers insights into the management of these conditions, which can be useful for both academic and clinical settings.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 09/13/2024

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NSG221/ NSG 221 Exam 4: (New 2024/ 2025
Update) Mental Health Review| Questions
and Verified Answers| 100% Correct| A
Grade Herzing
QUESTION
genetic temperament traits
Answer:
-
harm avoidance (fear of uncertainty, shyness)
-
novelty seeking (quick-tempered, impulsive)
-
reward dependence (sensitive, sociable)
-
persistence (hardworking, ambitious)
QUESTION
psychodynamic character traits
Answer:
-
self-directedness (responsible, goal-orient- ed)
-
cooperativeness (integral part of society, empathetic)
-
self-transcendence (integral part of the universe, humble)
QUESTION
Psychopharmacology based on personality disorder symptoms
Answer:
-
cogni- tive-perceptual: antipsychotics
-
cognitive-anxiety: SSRIs, MAOIs
-
emotional instability: Lithium, Tegretol, Depakote, Haldol
-
emotional detachment: SSRIs, atypical antipsychotics (Risperdal, Seroquel)
-
atypical depression: SSRIs, MAOIs, antipsychotics
-
aggression: Lithium, benzodiazepines, mood stabilizers
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NSG221/ NSG 221 Exam 4: (New 2024/ 2025

Update) Mental Health Review| Questions

and Verified Answers| 100% Correct| A

Grade– Herzing

QUESTION

genetic temperament traits Answer:

  • harm avoidance (fear of uncertainty, shyness)
  • novelty seeking (quick-tempered, impulsive)
  • reward dependence (sensitive, sociable)
  • persistence (hardworking, ambitious)

QUESTION

psychodynamic character traits Answer:

  • self-directedness (responsible, goal-orient- ed)
  • cooperativeness (integral part of society, empathetic)
  • self-transcendence (integral part of the universe, humble)

QUESTION

Psychopharmacology based on personality disorder symptoms Answer:

  • cogni- tive-perceptual: antipsychotics
  • cognitive-anxiety: SSRIs, MAOIs
  • emotional instability: Lithium, Tegretol, Depakote, Haldol
  • emotional detachment: SSRIs, atypical antipsychotics (Risperdal, Seroquel)
  • atypical depression: SSRIs, MAOIs, antipsychotics
  • aggression: Lithium, benzodiazepines, mood stabilizers

QUESTION

Psychotherapy for personality disorders Answer:

  • cognitive-behavior therapy
  • dialectical behavior therapy (Borderline)

QUESTION

childhood protective factors that decrease the likelihood of developing antisocial behavior as an adult Answer:

  • school commitment, importance of school
  • positive peer relationships
  • parent/peer disapproval of antisocial behavior
  • functional family relationship
  • effective parenting skills

QUESTION

schizophrenia Answer:

  • disease process with bizarre thoughts, perceptions, emotions, movements, behavior
  • worse outcomes with gradual onset and at a younger age

QUESTION

schizophreniform disorder Answer: reactive non-bizarre psychosis less than 6 months

QUESTION

Answer:

  • think of - sign (something is missing)
  • alogia
  • anhedonia
  • apathy
  • asociality
  • blunted affect
  • catatonia
  • flat affect
  • avolition
  • inattention

QUESTION

phases of schizophrenia Answer:

  • prodromal (subtle symptoms)
  • phase 1: acute (exacerbation, loss of function, hospitalization)
  • phase 2: stabilization (symptoms start to diminish)
  • phase 3: maintenance (new baseline established, symptoms are absent or dimin- ished)

QUESTION

pharmacological treatment of schizophrenia Answer:

  • 1st generation antipsychotics (Thorazine, Haldol, Loxitane): target positive symptoms, more medication side ef- fects, obtain EKG
  • 2nd generation antipsychotics (Clozaril, Risperdal, Zyprexa, Seroquel): target positive and negative symptoms, obtain WBC (neutrophil level) and glucose

QUESTION

6 long-acting injectable antipsychotics Answer:

  • fluphenazine (Prolixin)
  • haloperidol (Haldol)
  • risperidone (Risperdal)
  • paliperidone (Invega)
  • olanzapine (Zyprexa)
  • aripiprazole (Abilify)

QUESTION

long-acting injectable antipsychotic information Answer:

  • effects last 2 - 4 weeks
  • used for patients who are unwilling or unable to take oral meds
  • not effective for acute episodes of psychosis
  • expensive
  • more effective for controlling negative symptoms

QUESTION

antipsychotic neurologic side effects Answer:

  • primary reason for medication non-compliance
  • dystonic reaction: neck spasms, pharyngeal spasms (give IM Benadryl)
  • pseudoparkinsonism: shuffling gait, rigidity, akinesia
  • tardive dyskinesia: abnormal/involuntary movements, lip smacking
  • akathisia: restless movement (give beta blocker, benzodiazepine)
  • seizure
  • neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS): high fever, muscle rigidityÿ LIFE THREAT- ENING - stop treatment

QUESTION

antipsychotic non-neurologic side effects Answer:

  • weight gain
  • sedation
  • dry mouth
  • low self-esteem
  • social discomfort
  • hypersensitive to negative evaluation
  • timid temperament in childhood
  • linked with parental and peer rejection

QUESTION

nursing interventions for avoidant personality disorder Answer:

  • support and reas- sure
  • cognitive restructuring
  • promote self-esteem

QUESTION

dependent personality disorder Answer:

  • submissive, clinging
  • excessive need to be cared for
  • fear separation
  • may be result of chronic physical illness or showing independence during childhood

QUESTION

nursing interventions for dependent personality disorder Answer:

  • foster self-re- liance and autonomy
  • teach problem-solving
  • cognitive restructuring

QUESTION

obsessive-compulsive personality disorder Answer:

  • pre-occupation with perfec- tionism and orderliness
  • low self-esteem
  • rigid standards of self and others
  • genuine affection for family and friends, but unable to see how behavior affects others
  • highest medical cost diagnosis

QUESTION

nursing interventions for obsessive-compulsive personality disorder Answer:

QUESTION

etiology for personality disorders Answer:

  • genetic
  • neurobiological
  • psychological (modeling by parent)
  • cognitive (beliefs, assumptions)
  • environmental (childhood neglect, trauma)
  • diathesis-stress

QUESTION

cultural considerations for personality disorders Answer:

  • defensive behavior be- cause of language barrier
  • religious beliefs
  • varying views of avoidant behavior
  • cultural value of work and productivity
  • gender roles

incoherent mixture of words, phrases, and sentences

QUESTION

nursing interventions for delusions Answer:

  • do not openly confront the delusion or argue with the client
  • establish and maintain reality for the client
  • use distracting techniques
  • teach the client positive self-talk, positive thinking, and to ignore delusional beliefs

QUESTION

nursing interventions for hallucinations Answer:

  • orient client to reality by frequent contact
  • get detailed info on the hallucinations
  • engage client in reality-based activities like puzzles, drawing, cards

QUESTION

nursing interventions for inappropriate behavior Answer:

  • redirect client
  • give factual statements
  • do not scold

QUESTION

Personality Answer: a person's perceptions, attitudes, emotions (usually no conscious awareness)

QUESTION

personality disorders Answer: impairment of personality functioning, maladaptive per- sonality traits

QUESTION

Maladaptive/dysfunctional personality traits Answer:

  • negative behaviors toward oth- ers
  • anger/hostility
  • irritable mood
  • lack of guilt or remorse
  • lack of empathy
  • impulsivity
  • irresponsibility
  • risk taking
  • mistrust
  • entitlement

QUESTION

Cluster A personality disorders (odd/eccentric) Answer:

  • Paranoid: mistrust, suspi- ciousness of others
  • Schizoid: detachment from social relationships, little emotion
  • Schizotypal: social & interpersonal deficits, discomfort with close relationships

QUESTION

paranoid personality disorder Answer:

  • pattern of distrust and suspiciousness of others
  • anticipate hostility
  • may provoke others with a "counterattack"
  • misinterpret other's motivations as being "out to get them"
  • blame others for their isolation

QUESTION

nursing interventions for schizotypal personality disorder Answer:

  • develop self-care skills
  • improve community functioning
  • social skills training

QUESTION

Cluster B personality disorders (dramatic/wild) Answer:

  • Antisocial: disregard for and violation of the rights of others and laws
  • Borderline: unstable interpersonal relationships, mood, and self-image (3 times more common in women)
  • Histrionic: excessive emotion, constant attention seeking
  • Narcissistic: grandiose sense of self-importance or uniqueness, lack of empathy, fragile self- esteem

QUESTION

antisocial personality disorder Answer:

  • disregard for rights of others and laws
  • manipulative, deceitful
  • may seem normal
  • do not have depression or anxiety
  • aggressive
  • low frustration tolerance
  • may "push" your buttons
  • result of abusive parenting

QUESTION

nursing interventions for antisocial personality disorder Answer:

  • limit setting
  • confrontation
  • teach client problem solving and anger management

QUESTION

borderline personality disorder Answer:

  • extreme instability in mood control
  • impulsive
  • may make suicidal statements to gain more attention
  • difficult to deal with because they will "push" your buttons
  • lack of concern for safety
  • non-suicidal self-injury
  • poor parental relationship early on

QUESTION

nursing interventions for borderline personality disorder Answer:

  • promote safety
  • help client cope with emotions
  • cognitive restructuring
  • teach social skills

QUESTION

histrionic personality disorder Answer:

  • attention-seeking behavior
  • self-centered