Mental Health In Incest Person, Essays (university) of Medicine

Download Mental Health In Incest Person and more Essays (university) Medicine in PDF only on Docsity!

MENTAL HEALTH IN INCEST PERSONS

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Incest is sexual activity between close relatives, the general pattern that occurs is between father-child, mother-child, and between siblings; who may also be homosexually oriented The study of incest as an actual phenomenon and not as a fantasy is event relatively new. In 1975, an authoritative text stated that the incident was incest father- son in the United States is 1 in a million families. Important contribution by feminist writers and traumatologists quickly made the profession sensitive to the frequency and importance of incest and its relationship to psychopathology. By 1986, Russell5 wrote that some forms of father-daughter incestuous activity start at a minimum to brutal and aggressive, found in about 1 in 20 families that include children women and their biological fathers, and 1 in 7 families where girls live with stepfather. In the early 1990s, feminists, traumatologists, and contributors to the study emerging concerns about dissociative disorders are involved in the incessant study of incest and treatment of incest victims. During this time, however, a tendency emerged to question the memories of those who reporting incestuous abuse, increasing militant defense against its perpetrators accused. The increasing number of accusations of incest is attributed to wrong practices on the part therapists who work with patients who remember incest, especially if the memories have fades from memory for some time and emerges either in a therapeutic context or with patient exposure to incest. certain media, books, and practices. Doctor accused suggest abuse that never happened and lead to patient recollection they are contaminated with information and/or ideas that have instilled those ideas wrong in their minds. Certain books and media outlets have been accused of encouraging false reporting. As a result, for more than a decade and a half the study and treatment of incest has been under a cloud suspicion that has hindered the advancement of knowledge about

CHAPTER II

LITERATURE REVIEW

A. Mental health The term "mental health" is taken from the concept of mental hygiene. The word "mental" is taken from the Greek language, the meaning is the same as psyche in Latin which means psychic, soul or psyche. According to WHO, mental health is a state of 'well-being' in which individuals can realize their skills, can cope with the normal pressures of life, work productively and make a contribution to life in their community. Mental health is a condition where a person does not feel guilty about himself, has a realistic estimate of himself and can accept his shortcomings or weaknesses, the ability to deal with problems in his life. Merriam Webster (in Dewi, 2012), is a good emotional and psychological state, where individuals can utilize their cognitive and emotional abilities, function in their communities, and meet their daily needs. The essence of mental health itself is more about the existence and maintenance of a healthy mentality. However, in practice we often encounter that many practitioners in the field of mental health place more emphasis on mental disorders than on efforts to maintain mental health itself. B. History of Mental Health Recorded history reports various interpretations of mental illness and ways to reduce it. Semiun (2006) explains a brief history of the development of mental health, starting from prehistoric times, early civilizations, the Middle Ages, the Renaissance, the XVII-XX centuries and psychiatry as follows;

1. Prehistoric Age

Early humans often experienced mental and physical disturbances, but ancient humans really tried to overcome mental illness. He views and treats it the same as any other physical illness.

2. Early civilizations In early civilizations in Mesopotamia, Egypt, Judaism, India, China and the Americas, priests and sorcerers tended to the mentally ill. Throughout ancient times (from 5000 BC to 500 AD) mental illness was common. In Babylon and Mesopotamia, mental illness was associated with demons and treatment was carried out with religious and magical rituals to exorcise the demon from the patient's body. In Egypt, therapy was developed for patients in the form of recreation and work, and applied a kind of psychotherapy that is similar to some modern approaches to treating mental illness. In Judaism people interpret mental illness as a punishment and the only treatment is by repenting to Him. But it's different with the Persians, there demons are blamed for causing mental illnesses and all other ailments. In China, people view mental disorders as illnesses and as disturbances in natural processes or an imbalance between Yin and Yang. While people in Africa think that physical and mental disturbances are caused by enemies, evil spirits or by angry ancestors. And in Greece, mentally ill patients were brought to the temples of health where treatment aimed at eliminating the cause of the mental disorder. evil spirits or by angry ancestors. And in Greece, mentally ill patients were brought to the temples of health where treatment aimed at eliminating the cause of the mental disorder. evil spirits or by angry ancestors. And in Greece, mentally ill patients were brought to the temples of health where treatment aimed at eliminating the cause of the mental disorder.
3. Medieval With the destruction of the Greco-Roman civilization, scientific progress suffered a setback. Many things in medical science were discontinued and worse things like superstition and demonism were revived. In the 10-15th century period, dancing mania developed where a number of people dancing

3. Able to cope with stressors.
4. The point is that individuals have the ability to deal with various conditions. In other words, individuals have good coping strategies in dealing with stress.
5. In line with capacity and in harmony with the environment.
6. The point is that individuals do and receive something according to their capacity. In a social environment, individuals can also participate optimally.
7. Grow and develop positively.
8. The point is that when an individual reaches maturity in his life, or in other words mentally healthy, he is able to adapt to the environment, participate in maintaining social rules and is able to adapt in his cultural environment. D. Definition of Incest Incest is sexual activity between close relatives, the general pattern that occurs is between father-child, mother-child, and between siblings; which may also be homosexually oriented. Courtois states that "incest is complex, encompassing a variety of behaviors between individuals of varying degrees of relatedness, with potential effects that are equally complex and multidetermined." More precise clinical and legal definitions differ widely in terms of the degree to which blood relations constitute incest. Defining incest is further complicated by the fact that the term is often used in connection with the set of values and assumptions associated with the classic 2-parent nuclear family. In fact, in societies with high divorce rates, mixed families are not uncommon. Those who occupy the most crucial and important role in a child's life and who fulfill roles traditionally filled by blood relatives may not be genetically related to a child, even though they are the child's most consistent source of care and protection.

Courtois distinguished between blood incest, or sexual contact between blood relatives; sexual contact between the child and individuals involved with the child whether legally or contractually (marriage to the child's parents, adoption of the child, or serving as foster parents); and quasi-relative incest, where there is sexual contact between a child and individuals who are bound to the child either by relationship or by contract, but who are involved with the child's family and assume family roles related to caregiving functions and responsibilities. Closely related and similar in their dynamics, although not formally deemed incestuous, is an offense committed in the context of teachers, coaches, chaplains, and psychotherapists' relationships with those who view them as a safe and positive presence in their lives. Incest is considered abusive when the individuals involved are not suitable in age, power, and experience. The argument that younger people may want, seek, or give consent is irrelevant. The behavior may have been prepared, coerced, or generated in response to perceived pressure and/or threats from those in power. It is often said that incest between peers (with neither partner being 5 years older than the other) is non-abusive, mutually desirable, and often consists of nothing more than experimentation. It is doubtful whether these generalizations will stand up to a more detailed examination. While such things happen, the proximity of age need not bring with it equality of power, knowledge, and sophistication. In fact, implied or real coercion and intimidation play a role in many such situations. Many examples of sibling incest, rationalized as youthful experimentation, are highly exploitative. Families often accept that something is going on between brother and sister, but distrust the sister's protests that what happened was coercion, and/or involve the brother making her available to his friends. The close relationship between the perpetrator and the victim complicates the trauma of incest or acts of both relational trauma and betrayal trauma. Relational trauma, described by Sheinberg and Fraenkel leads to “a significant loss of trust in others and increased anger, hurt, and confusion about their family relationships, altered beliefs about the safety of close relationships, changing beliefs about the security

components to be encountered. Many don't think that interaction without actual sexual events should be called incest. When a parent uses a child to serve the parent's emotional needs and promotes the child to a special, close role, however, the child becomes a surrogate partner, trapped in a world dominated by the parents' needs. This type of relationship, which is often simultaneously seductive and critical, is often called "emotional incest." Sgroi et al have described a 5 step process in the sexual abuse of children.

1. In stage 1, engagement, the child is brought into a more intense relationship with the abuser. He becomes involved in more intense and gradual sexual behavior through special attention involving the child's emotional needs on the way to sexual behavior which can be normalized and introduced gradually as play or as activities that clearly bring the attention the child wants. Some perpetrators use violence or threats to coerce sexual involvement.
2. In stage 2, the sexual interaction phase, the perpetrator establishes initial care of the victim, and initial sexual involvement increases, often progressing from exposure and touching to penetration of one or more orifices.
3. In stage 3, secrecy, efforts are made to ensure privacy, to reduce the victim's understanding of the perpetrator's accountability, and to set the stage for continued sexual activity. Children are made to feel responsible and understand that it will have very bad consequences. This “understanding” involves the threat of harm to the child or others. Threats include loss of attachment (because the child will be looked down upon by others or will lose affection from the perpetrator and others); being told the child would not be believed; being convinced that the child really wants what is being done; being told that the child would be rejected by God for disrespecting his father, etc. The child often emerges from this brainwashing with deep self-loathing, convinced that he is evil, and that any revelation would only justify his crimes. ,

4. In stage 4, disclosure, secrets are revealed, either spontaneously, accidentally, or intentionally. The reactions of the other person concerned are more likely to be determined by the perpetrator's role in the family, family loyalties, and shame than the child's best interests. Families tend to be most protective of children when the perpetrator is not a parent or sibling. Not infrequently, the family becomes protective and defensive in its anguish and moves to deny the gravity of the offense and its sequelae and blames the victim and the authorities or professionals involved. Adopt a shame script of denial of the perpetrator's actions, defended as "one of their own," and a script of "attack others" shame against those deemed to be an embarrassment to the family, the family becomes the enemy of the victim and becomes involved with institutions, authorities, and professionals. Reasonable understanding of the world is upside down. Kindness becomes redundant as what is most likely to maintain the good name of the offender and the family. Bad is defined as that which might acknowledge and shine an unfavorable light on what has happened. The conflict of loyalties in which the victim is placed is horrific and can prove to be more traumatic than the incest itself.
5. In stage 5, bullying, the individual's community within and associated with the family moves to suppress the truth of the child's report, minimizing the severity of the abuse and its consequences. The group did not want to deal with the consequences of an ugly truth and were eager to avoid the embarrassment and inconvenience of dealing with agencies and professionals. The individual may actively try to discredit the child or pressure him to recant the accusation. Puncak summarizes the many adaptations made by victims of incest in his article “Accommodation syndrome of child sexual abuse.” He described the secrecy surrounding the abuse; helplessness and helplessness of the victims; their traps in dire situations and their accommodations for them; they are delayed, conflicted, and inconclusive disclosures about their circumstances; and possible retraction. With painful irony, their adaptation to harassment that they can't escape leads to behavior that undermines their credibility if they later complain about their circumstances.

CHAPTER III

CONCLUSION

Incest is sexual activity between close relatives, the general pattern that occurs is between father-child, mother-child, and between siblings; who may also be homosexual or lesbian oriented. Incest often leads to traumatic bonding, a form of attachment in which one person abuses another with abuse, threats, intimidation, beatings, insults, and abuse but also provides care, some forms of affection, and connectedness. The impact of Incest is that victims become accustomed to associating abuse with a deviant form of caring.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Shapiro G, Jaffe R, Kolevzon A. Normal Child Development. In: Sadock B, Sadock V. Kaplan & Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, 10th Edition. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2017:8568-8591.
2. Guerra N, Williamson A, Molina B. Normal Development Infancy, Childhood And Adolescence. Textbook of Child and Adolescent Mental Health. 2012:1-39.
3. Ystrom E, Hysing M, Torgersen L, et al. Maternal Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression and Child Nocturnal Awakenings at 6 and 18 Months. Journal of Pediatric Psychiatry. 2017;42(10):1156-1164.
4. Connor T, Monk C, Fitelson E. Practitioner Review: Maternal mood in pregnancy and child development: implications for child psychology and psychiatry. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2014 February;55(2):99-111.
5. Yue A, Gao J, Yang M, et al. Caregiver Depression and Early Child Development: A Mixed-Methods Study From Rural China. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 2018;9(2500):1-18.
6. Hammond L, Flook L, Harvey C, et al. Implications for educational practice of the science of learning and development. Applied Developmental Science. 2019:1-45.
7. Philips K. Early Childhood Development. World Development Report. 2015:98-110.
8. Donald K, Wedderburn C, Barnett W, et al. Risk and protective factors for child development: An observational South African birth cohort. PLoS Med. 2019;16(9):1-20.
9. Oliveira C, Rasheed M, Yousafzai A. Chronic Maternal Depressive Symptoms Are Associated With Reduced Socio-Emotional Development in Children at 2 Years of Age: Analysis of Data From an Intervention Cohort in Rural Pakistan. Front. Psychiatry. 2019;10(859):1-10.
10. Tesfaye M, Abera M, Frank C, et al. The development of a model of training in child psychiatry for non-physician clinicians in Ethiopia. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health. 2014;8(6):1-9.