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MED-SURG MEDICATIONS STUDY GUIDE 2025|
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS|GUARANTEED PASS
albuterol (Proventil) Category: Bronchodilator, Use: Asthma, COPD, Precautions: tachycardia, tremors albuterol and ipratropium (Combivent) Catefory: anticholinergic/bronchodilator, Use: COPD, rhinorrhea, Precautions: palpitations, dry mouth allopurinol (Zyloprim) Category: Antihyperuricemic, Use: Gout, Precautions: Monitor uric acid levels alprazolam (Xanax) Category: Antianxiety, Use: anxiety/panic, Precautions: May cause dizziness, drowsiness and dependence
atenolol (Tenormin) Category: Antihypertensive/ Beta Blocker, Use: Angina, Hypertension, Precautions: Monitor BP and HR prior to administration benazepril (Lotensin) Category: Antihypertensive/ACE inhibitor, Use: HTN, Precautions: Can cause cough and asthma attacks, Hyperkalemia budesonide (Pulmicort) Category: Glucocorticoid, Use: Rhinitis, Asthma, Precautions: May cause oral candidiasis- Rinse and spit after use bumetanide ( Bumex) Category: Loop diuretic, Use: CHF, Renal disease, ascites, Precautions: check for electorlyte abnormalities/ Ototoxicity calcium acetate (PhosLO)
colchicine (Colsalide) Category: Antigout agent, Use: gout, gouty arthritis, Precautions: Pancytopenia, renal/hepatic cautions cyanocobalamin Category: B12- water soluble vitamin, UseL Pernicious anemia, Vitamin b12 deficiency, Precautions: Gastric intrinsic factor must be present for oral use dalteparin (Fragmin) Category: Low molecular weight heparin, Use: MI/DVT prevention, Precautions: Bleeding risk diazepam (Valium) Category: Antianxiety, anticonvulsant, Use: Anxiety/ Seizures/ Acute alcohol withdrawal, Precautions: respiratory depression
digoxin (Lanoxin) Category: Cardiac glycosidase/ inotropic, Use: Hear failure, a-fib/ a- flutter, cardiogenic shock, PrecautionsL Apical HR < 60 HOLD, OD treated with digibind diltiazem (Cardiazem) Category: Calcium channel blocker, Use: Angina, Coronary artery spasm, SVT, a-fib/flutter, Precautions: Can cause heart block and hypotension diphenoxylate/atropine (Lomotil) Category: Antidiarrheal/ COntrolled Subst, Use: Chronic diarrhea, Precautions: Dry mouth, constipation, paralytic ileus docusate calcium (Surfak) Category: Laxative/ Stool Softener, Use: Prevention of dry, hard stools, Precautions: May take 3 days to soften stools and hold for diarrhea docusate sodium (Colace)
fluticasone and salmeterol (Advair Diskus) Category: Corticosteroid/ Bronchodilator, UseL Chronic asthma, COPD, Precautions: Rinse mouth after use to prevent thrush/ Long act fluticasone inhaler (Flovent) Category: Corticosteroid, Use: Chronic asthma/ COPD, Precautions: Rinse mouth after use to prevent thrush/ Long acting fluticasone propionate nasal (Flonase) Category: Corticosteroid, Use: Allergic rhinitis, PrecautionsL Blow nose first, press opposite nostril closed, fondaparinux sodium (Arixtra) Category: Anticoagulant/ factor Xa inhibitor, Use: Prevention of DVT/PE, Precautions: Bleeding risk furosemide (Lasix)
Category: Lood diuretic, Use: Pulmonary Edema, CHF, HTN, Nephrotic syndrome, Precautions: Ototoxic if IVP too rapid monitor electrolytes K+ gabapentin (Neurontin) Category: Anticonvulsant, Use: Partial seizure/ Diabetic neuropathy unlabeled use, Precautions: Can cause drowsiness, confusion glimepiride (Amaryl) Category: Sulfonylurea, Antidiabetic, Use: Type 2 DM, Precautions: Monitor for hypoglycemia glipizide (Glucotrol) Category: Sulfonylurea, Antidiabetic, Use: Type 2 DM, Precautions: Monitor for hypoglycemia, glyburide (Diabeta) Category: Sulfonylurea, Antidiabetic, Use: Type 2 DM, Precautions: Monitor for hypoglycemia
Category: Opiate analgesic, Use: Moderate- Severe Pain, Cough, Precautions: Controlled substance, respiratory depression insulin glargine (Lantus) Category: Insulin, Use: Type 1 or Type 2 DMm Precautions: Do not mix with other insulins ipratropium bromide (Atrovent) Category: Anticholinergic/Bronchodilator, Use: COPD, rhinorrhea, PrecautionsL Dry mouth, anxiety, dizziness iprtropium-albuterol inhalation (Duoneb) Category: Anticholinergic/Bronchodilator, Use: COPD, Precautions: May cause tachycardia and increased BP isosorbide mononitrate (Imdur) Category: Antianginal/ vasodilator/ nitrate. Use: Treatment and prevention of stable angina pectoris, Precautions: Monitor for hypotension, vascular headache
ketorolac (Torodol) Category: NSAID, Use: Mild to moderate pain, Precautions: MAX DOSE- 60 mg/day for 5 days lactulose (Cephulac) Category: Laxative, ammonia detoxicant, Use: Chronic constipation, portal-system encephalopathy, Precautions: nausea, vomiting, and cramps, Can give enema lansoprazole (Prevacid) Category: Sntiulcer, PPI, Use: GERD, Ulcers, maintenance of healed ulcers, Precautions: Monitor for B12 deficiency in long term use levetiracetam (Keppra) Category: Anticonvulsant, Use: Seizures, Precautions: Monitor H&H and possible suicidal ideation
Category: Benzodiazepine, sedative, hypnotic, Use: Anxiety, irritability, pre-op insomnia, Precautions: Hypotension, dizziness, Dilute for IV use metaprolol (Lopressor) Category: Beta-blocker, Antihypertensive, Use: HTN, Acute MI, Angina, Heart Failure, Precautions: Bradycardia, Hypotension nicardipine (Cardene) Category: Calcium channel blocker, Use; Chronic Angina, HTN, Precautions: Bradycardia, Hypotension nifedipine (Procardia) Category: Calcium channel blocker, Use: Chronic Angina, HTN, vasospasm, Precautions: Bradycardia, Hypotension nitroglycerin patch (Nitro-Dur) Category: Coronary vasodilator/ anti-anginal, Use: Angina, CHF, Precautions: Headache, hypotension
olmesartan (Benicar) Category: Angiotensin 2 Receptor Blocker, Use: HTN, Precautions: Monitor BP, omeprazole (Prilosec) Category: Antiulcer, PPI, Use: GERD, Ulcers, maintenance of healed ulcers, Precautions: Monitor for B12 deficiency in long term use ondansetron (Zofran) Category: Antiemetic, Use: Nausea, vomiting, Precautions: may cause headaches, dizziness, EPS oxycodone (Oxycontin) Category: Opiate analgesic, Use: Moderate to severe pain, Precautions: Drowsiness, bradycardia, respiratory depression oxycodone/APAP (Percocet)
prednisone tablet (Prednisone) Category: Corticosteroid, Use: Sever inflammation, immunosuppression, Precautions: Limit use due to extensive side effects, taper off pyridostigmine (Mestinon) Category: Cholinergic, Anticholeristinase, Use: Myasthenia Gravis, Precautions: May cause cram,ps, increased peristalsi ramipril (Altace) Cateogry: Antihypertensive, ACE Inhibitor, Use: HTN, CHF, Precautions: Can cause cough and asthma attacks, Hyperkalemia rantidine (Zantac) Category: H2-histamine receptor antagonist, Use: Ulcers, GERD, heartburn, Precautions: May cause constipation, nausea vomiting, hepatotoxicity
salmeterol (Serevent) Category: Long -acting bronchodilator, Use: PREVENTION of exercise induced asthma, COPD, Precautions: DO NOT confuse with a rescue inhaler simvastin (Zocor) Category: Antilipidemic, Use: hypercholestrolemia, seriosu burns, Precautions: Diarrhea, abdominal pain, encourage diet changes, spironolactone (Aldactone) Category: Potassium sparing diuretic, Use: CHF, HTN, Unlabeled use PMS, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Precautions: Hyperkalemia, rash, itching tiotroprium (Spiriva) Category: Anticholinergic, Bronchodilator, Use: COPD, Bronchospasm, Precautions: Capsule should not be swallowed, puncture/inhale verapamil (Calan)
clopidogrel (Plavix) Category: Platelet aggregation inhibitor, Use: Reduce risk of stroke, MI, PAD, TIA and Angina, Precautions: Bleeding risk cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril) Category: Skeletal Muscle relaxant, Use; Spasticity n MS, spinal cord injury and CP, Precautions: Dizziness, weakness, nausea dexamethasone (Decadron) Category: Corticosteroid, Use: Inflammation, cerebral edema, Precautions: Long list of steroid complications donepezil (Aricept) Category: Reversible cholinesterase inhibitor, Use: Severe dementia in Alzheimer's Disease, Precautions: Twitching, nausea, vomiting and seating may indicate OD dutasterode (Avodart)
Category: 5A Reductase inhibitor, Use: BPH (often in combo with tamsulosin)- Alopecia, Precautions: Can cause serious skin infections fluoxetine (Prozac) Category: SSRI Antidepressant, Use: Depression, OCD, Panic, Precautions: CNS symptoms common lansoprazole (Prevacid) Category: Antiulcer, PPI, Use: GERD, Ulcers, maintenance of healed ulcers, Precautions: Monitor for B12 deficiency in long term use
