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Med surg Fluid and electrolytes jersey college
exam questions with answers
major anions - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔chloride, bicarbonate, phosphate, sulfate, proteinate ions intravascular fluid - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Plasma, erythrocytes, Leukocytes, thrombocytes interstitial fluid - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Lymph osmotic pressure - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Exerted by protein in plasma Osmosis - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Area of low concentration to area of high concentration active transport - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Sodium-potassium pump Fluid Volume Deficit (FVD) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔hypovolemia causes of fluid volume deficit - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Fluid loss, vomiting, diarrhea, sweating, GI suctioning, decrease PO intake, burns, as cites, Diabetes, adrenal insufficiency
Management of fluid volume deficit - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔I&O every 8 hours, daily weight, v/s, skin turgor, urine output, mental status, encourage fluids or IV fluids Hyponatremia - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Sodium less than 135 Fluid volume overload Causes - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Hyponatremia Na+ levels - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔135- S/S of hyponatremia - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Seizure & Stupor N&V Abdominal cramping Lethargy Headache Respiratory arrest Coma SIADH - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone K+ levels - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔3.5-5. Ca+ lab value - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔8.6-10.
respiratory alkalosis - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Manifestations: lightheadedness, inability to concentrate, numbness and tingling, sometimes loss of consciousness Correct cause of hyperventilation respiratory acidosis values - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Low pH <7. PaCO2 >42 mm Hg (35-45) Hyperchloremia causes - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔excess sodium chloride infusions with water loss, head injury, hypernatremia, dehydration, severe diarrhea, respiratory alkalosis, metabolic acidosis, hyperparathyroidism, medications Hyperchloremia Manifestations: - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔tachypnea; lethargy; weakness; rapid, deep respirations; hypertension; cognitive changes Hypochloremia causes - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Addison disease, reduced chloride intake, GI loss, diabetic ketoacidosis, excessive sweating, fever, burns, medications, metabolic alkalosis hypochloremia manifestations - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔agitation, irritability, weakness, hyperexcitability of muscles, dysrhythmias, seizures, coma BUN lab values - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔10-20 mg/dL Creatinine lab values - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔0.7-1.4mg/dl
hyponatremia may cause - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔convulsions or coma thirst center - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔hypothalamus Hypotonic IV solutions - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔0.45% sodium chloride (NS) Hypocalcemia symptoms - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔C.A.T.S Convulsions, Arrhythmias, Tetany, Spasms & Stridor calcium concentration in the blood is regulated by which mechanism - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Parathyroid hormone (PTH) Urine pH range - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔4.5- Fluid volume deficit, or hypovolemia s/sx - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔oliguia, rapid heart rate, vasoconstriction, cool and clammy skin, and muscle weakness A loss of 0.5 kg, or 1 lb, represents a fluid loss of about - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔500ml Signs and symptoms of hypocalcemia - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Presence of Trousseau sign, Chvostek sign emphysema is at a greater risk for - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔chronic respiratory acidosis
