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Understanding Weathering and Soil Formation: A Look at the Great Sphinx and Desert Soil, Schemes and Mind Maps of Topography

An overview of weathering processes, focusing on mechanical and chemical weathering, and their impact on rocks and statues, using the example of the Great Sphinx. Additionally, it discusses soil formation, including the role of organic matter, soil horizons, and factors affecting soil formation such as climate, topography, biota, and time.

Typology: Schemes and Mind Maps

2021/2022

Uploaded on 09/12/2022

salujaa
salujaa 🇺🇸

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Download Understanding Weathering and Soil Formation: A Look at the Great Sphinx and Desert Soil and more Schemes and Mind Maps Topography in PDF only on Docsity!

Mechanical

Weathering

Objectives

Students will be able to:

  • Explain how weathering breaks down rock.
  • Explain how a rock’s surface area affects the rate of weathering.

Weathering

  • The mechanical and chemical processes that change objects on Earth’s surface over time are called weathering.
  • Over thousands of years, weathering can break rock into smaller and smaller pieces, such as sand, silt, and clay.

Mechanical Weathering

  • When physical processes naturally break rocks into smaller pieces, mechanical weathering occurs.
  • The chemical makeup of a rock stays the same during mechanical weathering.
  • Mechanical weathering can be caused by ice wedging, abrasion, plants, and animals.

Chemical

Weathering

  • Do you think the structures in these images have always looked like this?
  • What do you think caused these structures’ appearances to change?

Chemical Weathering

  • Chemical weathering changes the materials that are part of a rock into new materials.
  • These granite obelisks show how chemical weathering can affect some rock.

Chemical Weathering by Acids

  • Acids are also agents of chemical weathering and cause more chemical weathering than pure water does.
  • Scientists use pH to determine if a solution is acidic, basic, or neutral.
  • The pH of a solution is rated on a scale from 0-14.
    • Acidic: pH between 0 and 7.
    • Basic: pH between 7 and 14.
    • Neutral: pH 7
  • Vinegar has a pH of 2 to 3. What kind of solution is vinegar?

Chemical Weathering by Rain

  • Normal rain is slightly acidic, around 5.6.
  • Carbon dioxide in the air reacts with rain to form a weak acid.
  • When coal burns, sulfur oxides enter the atmosphere.
  • When these oxides dissolve in rain, acid rain is produced.
  • Acid rain has a pH of 4.5 or less
  • Which type of rain causes more chemical weathering?

Weathering rates

  • Weathering depends on water and temperature.
  • Mechanical weathering occurs fastest in areas that have a lot of temperature changes.
  • Chemical weathering is fastest where the climate is warm and wet , near the equator.

Soil

Components

  • What is soil?
  • Why do you think the soil in this image is so red?

Engagement Which student do you agree with? Explain.