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MEA 250 test 2 | MEA 250 - Introduction to Coastal Environments, Quizzes of Earth Sciences

Class: MEA 250 - Introduction to Coastal Environments; Subject: Marine, Earth, and Atomspheric Sciences; University: North Carolina State University; Term: Spring 2015;

Typology: Quizzes

2014/2015

Uploaded on 03/30/2015

natehs
natehs 🇺🇸

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TERM 1
3000 meters (2
miles)
DEFINITION 1
How low was the sea level during the ice age?
TERM 2
18,000 years ago
DEFINITION 2
What is the rough age of the last ice age?
TERM 3
120
meters
DEFINITION 3
Sea level was ____ during the ice age?
TERM 4
higher, lower
DEFINITION 4
Side of earth facing the moon has a ___ water level while the
side facing away has a ___
TERM 5
13.2
DEFINITION 5
Every 24 hours the moon travels ___ degrees
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3000 meters (

miles)

How low was the sea level during the ice age? TERM 2

18,000 years ago

DEFINITION 2 What is the rough age of the last ice age? TERM 3

meters

DEFINITION 3 Sea level was ____ during the ice age? TERM 4

higher, lower

DEFINITION 4 Side of earth facing the moon has a ___ water level while the side facing away has a ___ TERM 5

DEFINITION 5 Every 24 hours the moon travels ___ degrees

The moon's period is ___ days long TERM 7

Semidural

DEFINITION 7 What is the tide of North Carolina? TERM 8

neap tide

DEFINITION 8 During ___ tidal range is very small.tidal effects of sun and moon are in opposition to each other at first and last quarter. At these times low and high tides are less severe (pronounced) TERM 9

Amphidormic

DEFINITION 9 ___ points occur because of resonance within oceanic...____ points occur because of resonance within oceanic basins and bays creating a standing wave pattern which rotates around the _____ (nodal) point. At the _____ point, there is almost no vertical movement, but further away there may be magnified tidal range, such as in the Bay of Fundy in Nova Scotia, Canada, where resonance between the tidal frequency and the natural frequency of the bay create extreme tides of up to 15 metres at its northernmost extremity. TERM 10

tide

DEFINITION 10 the vertical rise and fall of the surface of a body of water caused primarily due to the differences in gravitational attraction to the moon and to a lesser extent to the sun, upon different parts of the earth

Lowstand

the lowest position of sea level TERM 17

DEFINITION 17 Sea level reached present level about ___ yrs ago TERM 18

term "Delta"

DEFINITION 18 comes from Greek historian Heredotus at 450 BC to describe traingular accumulation of sediments at the Nile TERM 19

Delta (definition)

DEFINITION 19 delta is a coastal accumulation of riverborne sediment extending both above and below sea level close to a river TERM 20

How do deltas develop?

DEFINITION 20

  1. discharge of sufficient sediment2. geologic and bathymetric setting on the margin, have a place for sediment to accumulate3. plate tectonic history, regional geologic setting, and sea level change

Natural levees

produced during floods when river overtops its banks and immediately deposits much of its sediment load TERM 22

"river-dominated delta"

DEFINITION 22 deltas extend outwards from the coast due to the sediment- laden water jetting out into the sea TERM 23

Wave-dominated delta

DEFINITION 23 deltas occur where river delivered sediment is reworked by wave action TERM 24

Tide-dominated delta

DEFINITION 24 possess tidal channels as well as river channels, which create a rather fragmented, finger-like shoreline TERM 25

Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation

DEFINITION 25 2 bodies attract each other with a force that is proportional to the mass of each body and inversely proportional to the square of distance between them

Mean Low Water Neaps

average recorded height of all neap tide low water water levels TERM 32

Mean low water

DEFINITION 32 average height of all low water levels, 19 year period TERM 33

Mean Lower Low Water

DEFINITION 33 average of the lower low water levels each day (19 year period) TERM 34

Mean Low Water Springs

DEFINITION 34 average of all spring tide low water levels TERM 35

Tidal Inlet

DEFINITION 35 openings along barrier shorelines, allow exchange of water between ocean and backbarrier

Flood-tidal current

During rising tide, the water level of the ocean rises at a faster rate than that inside the inlet. The landwater flowing water is called a TERM 37

Ebb Tidal current

DEFINITION 37 During the falling tide, the water level Of the ocean drops ahead of that of the Bay inside the inlet. The seaward sloping water surface Produces TERM 38

Tidal Prism

DEFINITION 38 The total volume of water moving past a fixed cross section of the estuary during each flood tide or ebb tide is referred to as TERM 39

Flood Tidal Delta

DEFINITION 39 accumulation of sand on the shoreward side of an inlet, initially formed during storm surges and maintained by flood currents TERM 40

Ebb Tidal Delta

DEFINITION 40 accumulation of sand of the seaward side of an inlet formed by ebb tidal current

Biological erosion

Bio-eroders penetrate rock marine invertebrates (snails, etc.) TERM 47

Chemical

Processes

DEFINITION 47 very slow, climate and rock type are influencers TERM 48

Factors in rate of

erosion

DEFINITION 48 rock type degree of fracturing wave energy tidal range climate relative sea level TERM 49

Morphology

DEFINITION 49 sea cliffs horizontal erosional landforms sea stacks arches erosional features