Download MDARD PESTICIDE CORE EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS and more Exams Pest Management in PDF only on Docsity!
MDARD PESTICIDE CORE EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
Define "pest" -- Answer โโ An undesirable organism that injures humans, desirable plants and animals, manufactured products, or natural substances. What are the four main groups of pests? (ex?) -- Answer โโ 1. Weeds (undesirable plants)
- Invertebrates (insects, mites, ticks, spiders, snails, slugs)
- Disease agents or pathogens (bacteria, viruses, fungi, nematodes, etc.)
- Vertebrates (birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish, and rodents/other mammals) What is the importance of pest identification in pest control? -- Answer โโ Pest species have different physical forms depending on the life cycle stage or the time of year, you don't want to spray the wrong chemical for the wrong pest What are the six general pest management methods? -- Answer โโ 1. Biological control
- Chemical control
- Cultural control (mulching/cover crops for weeds)
- Genetic control (genetically modified for resistance)
- Mechanical/Physical control (traps, fencing, mulch, etc.)
- Regulatory control (quarantine & eradication) Define "integrated pest management" (IPM) -- Answer โโ A pest management strategy that utilizes a wide range of pest control methods or tactics. Goal = prevent pests from reaching economically or aesthetically What are the five benefits of using IPM? -- Answer โโ 1. IPM helps to keep a balanced ecosystem
- Pesticides can be ineffective
- IPM can save money
- IPM promotes a healthy environment
- IPM maintains a good public image How can using one or more control options improve pest control? -- Answer โโ It can help prevent pests from multiplying, especially if the pest is pesticide resistant. Overall makes things easier to the pesticide applicator.
different than past ones used, aka the same modes of action will trigger the resistance What are the two tactics that will minimize the development of pesticide resistance? -- Answer โโ Always change pesticide use patterns. Treating alternate generations of pests with pesticides that have different modes of action. Types of chemical controls -- Answer โโ Avicides (birds), bactericides (bacteria), chemosterilants (sterilize insects/pest invertebrates), defoliants (drop foliage), desiccants (promote drying/loss of moisture from plants+insects), disinfectants (control microorganisms), fungicides, Growth regulators, Herbicides (weeds), insecticides, miticides, molluscicides, nematicides,
ovicides (destroys eggs), Pheromones (attracts insects), piscicides (control pest fish), predacides (control predatory vertebrates), repellents, rodenticides Components of IPM -- Answer โโ 1. Identify the pest and understand it's biology
- Monitor the pest to be managed
- Develop the pest management goal
- Implement the IPM program
- Record and evaluate results Why and how are pesticides regulated in the United States? -- Answer โโ Pesticides are hazardous substances that can cause serious harm if used improperly. They are regulated to utilize their benefits while protecting public health and welfare and preventing harm to the environment. They are regulated by the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) which regulates the production, transportation, sale, use, and disposal of pesticides. (labels too)
Commercial applicators - individuals who use or supervise the use of any RUP for any purpose on any property except for those listed under the definition of a private applicator. Tolerance -- Answer โโ maximum pesticide residue limit that may legally remain on or in treated crops and animals or animal products sold for food or feed Reregistration -- Answer โโ EPA's one time program to review older pesticides to ensure that they meet current scientific and regulatory standards Registration review -- Answer โโ EPA periodically reevaluates pesticides to ensure that products in the market place can still be used safely as policies and practices change FIFRA -- Answer โโ Provides the overall framework for the federal pesticide regulatory program and allows applicators to deviate from the pesticide label under specific use situations Under federal law, trained and certified applicators -- Answer โโ may apply and/or supervise the application of restricted use pesticides
What is the purpose of the pesticide registration and reregistration process? -- Answer โโ To provide evidence that the pesticide will not cause unreasonable risks to human health or the environment Federal Pest Regulation -- Answer โโ Approved pesticide labels have the force of the law What is used by the EPA in establishing pesticide tolerances? -- Answer โโ The toxicity of the pesticide and its break down products Under federal law, what is unlawful and subject to civil or criminal penalties? -- Answer โโ Detaching, altering, defacing, or destroying any part of a container or labeling. Which federal regulation requires employee training in the use of pesticides? -- Answer โโ Workers Protection Standard Which group of pesticides is exempt from registration because it poses little or no risk to humans and the environment? -- Answer โโ Minimum risk The active ingredient in Tempo 20WP is listed as B-Cyfluthrin, cyano(4- fluoro-3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl 3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)- 2,2dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate. What does the term "Cyfluthrin" represent? -- Answer โโ The common name
The name "X-Pest 5G" on a pesticide label indicates a -- Answer โโ Granular pesticide with 5% active ingredient What is the pesticide formulation process by which solid particles are dispersed in a liquid? -- Answer โโ Suspension What liquid pesticide formulation consists of a small amount of active ingredient (often 1% or less per unit volume)? -- Answer โโ Ready-to-use (low concentrate) solution (RTU) What liquid pesticide formulation may approach 100% active ingredient? -- Answer โโ Ultra-low volume (ULV) What is a disadvantage of both EC and ULV formulations? -- Answer โโ Solvents may cause rubber or plastic hoses, gaskets, pump parts, and other surfaces to deteriorate What dry/solid formulation is mixed in water and reduces the risk of inhalation exposure during mixing and loading? -- Answer โโ Water- dispersible granule (WDG) or dry flowable (DF) What type of dry/solid pesticide formulation consists of particles that are the same weight and shape? -- Answer โโ Pellet
What is an advantage of micro encapsulated materials? -- Answer โโ Delayed or slow release of the active ingredient prolongs their effectiveness What type of adjuvant functions as a wetting agent and spreader (i.e., physically altering the surface tension of spray droplets)? -- Answer โโ Surfactant What type of adjuvant increases the viscosity of spray mixtures? -- Answer โโ Thickener The capacity of a pesticide to cause short term (acute) or long term (chronic) injury is referred to as its -- Answer โโ Toxicity Harmful effects of pesticides include -- Answer โโ Asthma-like symptoms may be caused by allergies to pesticides. Many herbicides and fungicides cause dermatitis (skin reactions) Which signal world is associated with the very low oral LD50 values? -- Answer โโ DANGER-POISON. Pesticide toxicity -- Answer โโ A pesticide with an oral LD50 of 5mg/kg is more toxic than a pesticide with an LD50 of 250mg/kg
