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Md3001 Drugs Test Questions And
Answers @ 2024
What diseases are treated by Organic nitrates? - Answer Angina
Iv in acute heart failure
What is the mechanism of action or organic nitrates - Answer They are metabolised to from NO which cause vasidilation of veins and arteys which reduces the work load on the heart.
What are the side effects of organic nitrates? - Answer head aches postural hypotension.
What are the uses of isosorbidemononitrate? - Answer It is used to prvent angina when given a long time before excercise and in heart falure
What diseases are treated by bisoprolol? - Answer Angina , reducing Blood pressure as reduces cardiac output, treating atrial dysrhythmia
Heart failure
What is the mechansism of action of Beta blockers? - Answer They block beta 1 receptors this prevents sympathetic strimulation from increasing HR but also from acting in the kidneys to produce renin
WHat are the side effects of Beta blockers? - Answer Bradycardia
Not used in asthmatics
What diseases are treated by amlodipine? - Answer Angina both stable and variant,
Hypertension, as a DHPR derivative
What are the uses of amlodipines? - Answer Angina both stable and
variant,
Hypertension
What is the mechanism of amlodipines? - Answer competitive inhibition of CA channels , causing vasodilation of coronary vessels and smooth muscle.
What are the side effects of Amlodipine? - Answer Head aache constipation ankle oedema
What are the uses of verapamil? - Answer Angina Angina
Dysthrymias
Prevents reoccurrence of SVT.
NOT used in WPW
What is the mechanism of verapamil? - Answer By rate limiting inhibition, causing vasodilation of coronary vessels
What are the side effects of verapamil? - Answer Effect AV conduction and contractility
Headaches , constipation ankle odeama,
They are not used in WPW
what are the uses of Diltiazem? - Answer Angina
Dysthrymias
Prevents reoccurrence of SVT.
NOT used in WPW.
What is the mechanism of Diltiazem? - Answer By rate limiting inhibition, causing vasodilation of coronary vessels
Has less of a bradycardiac effect than verapamil.
What are the uses of GTN? - Answer Angina
What is the mecahnsim of candesartan? - Answer Block the receptor for AGII prevent smooth muscle constriction
What are the side effects of candesartan? - Answer dizziness head aches , back and leg pains , contraindicated in pregnancy
what are the uses of aliskiren? - Answer Treating hypertension
What is the mechanism of aliskiren? - Answer renin inhibition
What are the side effects of aliskiren? - Answer Many so rarely used clinically
What are the uses of indapamide? - Answer treat hypertension , heart failure
What is the mechansims of indapamide? - Answer A thiazide like diuretic , Acts in the distal tubule prevent NA reuptake. cause increased urine and reduced BV
What are the side effects of indapamide? - Answer Hypokalaemia and high blood glucose
What is the use of spironolactone? - Answer treating hypertension and heart failure
What is the mechanism of spironolactone? - Answer This is a aldosterone anatgonist this causes the blockage of NA channels in the collecting duct this reduces Na uptake without effecting K uptake
What are the side effects of spironolactone? - Answer Hyperkalemia, low Na , hypotension
What are the uses of Digoxin? - Answer Chronic heart failure , dysrhtymias linked to AF.
What are the side effects of digoxin? - Answer May lead to increased heart rate and contraction by causing excess NA acummulation in the cel and Ca influx.
What is the mecahnism of digoxin? - Answer 1. Increasing contractility. It does this by blocking Na/k ATPase channel this in turn leads to the reduction in function of the Ca NDX channel that pumps Ca into the cell this increase IC Ca and increases contractility.
- Increasing vagal activity therefore reducing heart rate and AV conduction.
What are the uses of furosemide? - Answer Acute (IV) and chronic Heart fialure
What are the side effecst of furosemide? - Answer Acute gout hypokalemia
What is the mechanism of adenaline? - Answer B1 stimulation leads to increaded contracility
What is the mechanism of disopyramide? - Answer Use dependant Na block with intermediate dissociation
What are the uses of lignocaine? - Answer VT VF and afer MI
What is the mechanism of lignocaine? - Answer Use dependant Na channel blocker with very fast dissociation within a heartbeat meaning it will only block ectopic beats
What are the uses of flecianide? - Answer Paroxysml AF , recurrent tachycardia , ventricular ectopic beats
What are the mechanisms of flecianide? - Answer Na channel blockers with long dissociation period so they achieve steady state blockade of Ca channels
What condition may flecianide cause? - Answer sudden cardaic death
What are the uses of sotalol? - Answer recurrent ventricular ectopic beats, SVT dysrthymias , short runs of VT
What are the uses if amiodarone? - Answer WPW, SVT and VT
What is the mechansims of sotalol? - Answer Beta blocker reducing HR whilst also blocking K channels increasing the refractory period of muscles
What is the mechanims of amiodarone? - Answer Enters a K channel binding within it to block K channels increasing the refractory period.
what are the uses of adenosine? - Answer To terminate SVTS
What is the mechanism of action of adenosine? - Answer this works by activating G0 channels that cause hyperpolarisation of K channels which slows the heart rate. They also activate Gi proteins that inhibit adenylate cyclase causing the inhibition of Ca channels like β-blockers
What is the mechanism of action of beta-lactam and cephalosporins?
- Answer They bind to penicillin binding proteins preventing cross linking of the peptidoglycan backbone preventing cell wall formation.
What is the mechanism of glycopeptides? - Answer They bind to the d-ala-d-ala binding site preventing the expansion of the peptidoglycan backbone , this is a very specific targets so prevents the development of resistance
What is the are the main uses of vanycomycin? - Answer It is used to treat MRSA and resistant streptococci
Sulphamethoxazole and pyrimethamine
What is the mechanism of macrolides? - Answer they bind to the 50S subunit preventing the movement of the ribosme along the RNA template.
What are the side effect of clarithromycin? - Answer It can cause QT prolongation
What are the side effects of clindamycin? - Answer It can lead to pseudomembarbous colitis
What is the mechanism of aminoglycosides? - Answer This is a very highly charged molecule that binds between the 30s and the 50s subunit preventing replication
What 2 drugs are used to treat helicobacter pylori? - Answer Erythromycin and metronidazole
What are the side effects of amino glycosides? - Answer They are highly charged causing renal and ototoxicity (vestibular and cochlea damage ) and neuromuscular block
What is the mechanism of action of Tetracycline? - Answer They bind to the 30 S subunit preventing protein sysnthesis
What is used to treat chronic acne? - Answer tetracyclines
What is used to treat rickettsial and brucellosis? - Answer Tetracyclines
What are the side effects of tetracylines? - Answer Bone deformities and staining in children
What are the side effects of chloramphenicol? - Answer rarely aplastic aneamia
What is the mechanism of action of fluoroquinolones? - Answer They inhibit DAN gyrase
What is the mechanism of action of metrodiazole? - Answer They produce toxic radicals in anaerobic conditions.
What is the mechanism of action of alkylating agents generally? - Answer They cause bind to N7 of guanine causing cross linking of the DNA strand preventing replication.
What is the mechanism of cisplatin? - Answer Causes interstrand crosslinking by binding between o6 and the N7 of adjacent guanine molecules this leads to DNA denaturation
What is the mechanism of methotrexate? - Answer Inhibits DHFR preventing folate synthesis?
What is the mechanism of procarbazine? - Answer inhibst DNA and RNA synthesis and mitosis
What is the mechanism of hudroxycarbamide? - Answer Ihbits ribonucleotide reductase
What is the mechanism of crisatantaspase? - Answer Acute lymphoblastoc leukemia cells
What is the mechanism of amascrine? - Answer inhibits toppiso II
What is the mechanism of vincaalkoloids? - Answer prevents tublin forming microtubules
What is the mechanism of taxaanes? - Answer freezes microtubules
What is the mechanism of campthecins? - Answer Inhibit Topiso I
What is the mechanism of etoposide II? - Answer Inhibit Top iso II
What is the mechanism of rituximab? - Answer Binds to B cell surface protein treating B cell lymphomas
What is the mechanism of isoniazid? - Answer Inhibits mycolic acid synthesis
What are the side effects of isoniazid? - Answer Peripheral neuropathy , hepatitis
What is the daily dose of isoniazid? - Answer 5mg/kg
What is the daily dose of pyrazinamide? - Answer 15-30mg/kg
What is the mechanism of rifampicin? - Answer inhibits DNA dependent Bacterial RNA polymerase
what are the side effects if rifampicin? - Answer hepatitis increase CP450 action , red discolouration of fluids
What are the side-effects of pyrazinamide? - Answer hepatitis and GI intolerances
What is the mechanism of ethambutol? - Answer inhibits arabinosyn tranferase
what are the side effects if ethambutol? - Answer optic neuritis and headache
What is the mechanism of the triazole drugs? - Answer they inhibit 14 α-demethylase peenting erosterol synthesis
How do glucocorticoids treat inflammatory airway disorders? - Answer They decarease cytokine formation and generation of vasodilators reducing the inflammatory response.
What is the action of methylxantines? - Answer increase cyclic nucleotide in cells causing cell relaxation.
Name a methylxantines? - Answer Theophylline
When is MgS used? - Answer In treatment f severe asthma
what is the mechanism of action of MgS - Answer It prevents the uptake of Ca into the cell.
