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MCMP 422 Past Exam Questions And Accurate
Answers
Which of the following statements about the lymph system is TRUE? - Answer The lymph system is connected to the vascular system
Which of the following is true about the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP)? - Answer TAP is an ATP-dependent, membrane-bound transporter
Which of the following statements is correct concerning membrane-coding (MC) exons of immunoglobulin genes? - Answer MC exons encode for transmembrane hydrophobic amino acids that associate with the B-cell membrane
Spherical regions in lymph nodes containing areas that are packed densely with proliferating B cells are termed - Answer germinal centers
What are the TWO major consequences of cytokines released by activated macrophages? - Answer -Some cytokines may function as chemoattractants
Some cytokines can act on the endothelial cells at a blood vessels to increase vascular permeability and cause vasodilation
act as cellular messengers by transporting degraded pathogens to lymphoid organs - Answer Dendritic cells
Why does an infected tissue site swell during inflammation? - Answer Tissues swell due to increased permeability of capillaries resulting in fluid accumulation
NK cells are one of the components of innate immunity. Which of the following is/are TRUE regarding NK cells? - Answer NK cells bind to both infected and healthy host cells
How do the RAG proteins know how to pair gene segments during somatic recombination? - Answer Each gene segment has a specific DNA sequence (recombination signal sequence) that needs to pair with another type of recombination signal sequence for recombination to occur
All of the following acute-phase proteins increase in concentration in the plasma during inflammation with the exception of - Answer albumin
Many things happen after a neutrophil phagocytoses a pathogen. Which of the following statements is FALSE? - Answer Neutrophils will live a long time after phagocytosis so they can form a living net to capture pathogens
In relation to the discussion topic in Week 1 on fecal transplants - which of the following statements is FALSE? - Answer Probiotics work just as well as a replacement for fecal transplants
Which of the following does not describe defensins? - Answer highly conserved with few variants
Which of the following is the correct order of events when TLR4 binds to a pathogen antigen? - Answer TLR4 binds to lipopolysaccharide; kinase cascade occurs; NFKB translocates to the nucleus; transcription of inflammatory cytokines
A hiker was bitten by a rattlesnake. The hiker was administered the antivenin, ACP (antivenin crotalidae polyvalent), and recovered from the snake bite but he did develop serum sickness. The serum sickness is due to an immune response to the - Answer Horse polyclonal antibodies in the ACP
The region of a protein that an antibody recognizes - Answer Epitope
The immunological consequence of SCID disease due to a genetic defect in either RAG-1 or RAG-2 genes is - Answer lack of somatic recombination in T-cell receptor and
except - Answer C3b
The membrane-associated proteins on human cells that dissociate and thereby inactivate alternative C3 convertase to prevent complement activation are - Answer decay-accelerating factor and membrane cofactor protein
Monoclonal antibodies have been used in diagnostic tests such as a pregnancy test and also clinically as a biologically based drug to treat varied diseases and conditions such as cancer or asthma. A monoclonal antibody preparation is produced by - Answer Hybridoma cells that were derived from a single parent B cell
Which of the following processes does NOT directly impact an ability of an antibody or BCR to bind to an antigen? - Answer Isotype switching
In common with Toll-like receptors, NOD-like receptors also contain _____ that is/are used for pathogen-recognition of microbial ligands. - Answer leucine-rich repeat regions (LRRs)
All of the following are examples of chemical barriers of innate immunity except - Answer normal microbiota
Which of the following is an example of bacterial mimicry? - Answer Bacteria cover their surfaces with sialic acid so that Factor H becomes attached to the bacteria
Which of the following is NOT a function of the anaphlatoxins? - Answer Directly bind to infected host cells to trigger apoptosis
Which of the following is mismatched? - Answer four C domains; IgM and IgD
All the following are inducers of fever except - Answer IL-
Junctional diversity during gene rearrangement arises due to addition of - Answer P and N nucleotides
Several interesting research studies have recently been published regarding C. difficile and fecal microbiota transplantation. These were discussed in the Week 1 Topic for this online class. Which of the following statement(s) is TRUE based on the studies posted in our online class? - Answer A case was observed where fecal microbes transferred from an obese person resulted in the recipient gaining weight
The phagosome pH increases following phagocytosis as a result of _____. - Answer hydrogens ions are used up by the activity of NADPH oxidase and superoxide dismutase
Which of the following statements regarding immunoglobulin genes is not TRUE? - Answer In the heavy chain locus, first V rearranges to D followed by joining of J to the joined VD sequence
A unique antimicrobial peptide expressed in epithelial surfaces for protection against pathogenic interloper is - Answer defensin
Which of the following responses optimizes antigen peptide production suitable for MHC I binding? Answer Change from the proteasome to the immunoproteasome will provide optimal degradation of antigens
A circulating B cell that has never encountered antigen before will express _____ on the cell surface - Answer IgM and IgD
Which of the three pathways of complement is activated soonest after an initial infection? The alternative pathway
What is meant by humanizing a mouse monoclonal antibody? To change the amino acids in the constant portions of the mouse antibody with amino acids from human antibodies.
Peptides binding to a particular MHC isoform commonly possess identical or chemically
ligation of the B-cell receptor and co-receptor
Thymocytes that undergo no positive selection - Answer comprise about 98% of developing thymocytes and undergo apoptosis in the thymic cortex
Which of the following is a true characteristic of an activated dendritic cell upon its arrival in a lymph node? - Answer is in possession of highly elaborated finger-like processes called dendrites
Which of the following is passively transferred from mother to infant in breast milk? - Answer Dimeric IgA
Appropriate CD8+ T-cell subpopulations are specialized to combat _______ pathogens, whereas appropriate CD4+ T-cell subpopulations are specialized to combat _______ pathogens: - Answer intracellular and extracellular
The process responsible for an increase in antibody affinity for antigen is know as - Answer Affinity maturation
Which of the following statements concerning leprosy is false? - Answer In lepromatous leprosy, the patient makes a TH2 response that clears the mycobacteria from the body.
Which of the following statement(s) is TRUE regarding the different T cell types? - Answer CD4 cells outnumber CD8 cells
An humanized monoclonal antibody directed against CD28 was used in a clinical trial to evaluate it in the treatment of autoimmune disease. This trial went terribly wrong resulting in - Answer A cytokine storm because of massive activation of T cells
A primary focus forms after a circulating naive B cells forms a conjugate pair with ______ in the ______ of a lymph node - Answer TFH; medullary cords
Which of the following cell type(s) express α:β TCRs on its/their cell surface? - Answer CD8 Cytotoxic T cells and CD4 T helper cells
Which of the statements is not correct about the following regarding CD8 T cells? - Answer Effector CD8 cells need co-stimulation to kill their target cells.
Autoimmune Polyendocrinopathy Candidiasis Ectodermal Dystrophy (APECED) is cause by a defect in - Answer A transcription factor that regulates tissue-specific gene expression in the thymus
Immature B cells develop into more mature B cells in the - Answer Secondary lymphoid organs
If a double-negative thymocyte has just completed a productive -chain gene rearrangement, which of the following describes the immediate next step in the development of this thymocyte? - Answer A pre-T-cell receptor is assembled as a superdimer.
A primary focus of clonal expansion is best described as ______. - Answer The site in the medullary cords where conjugate pairs of B cells and T cells undergo cellular proliferation and IgM is secreted
To what extent does the developmental pathway of α:β T cells differ from that of B cells?
- Answer -MHC molecules are required to facilitate passage through the developmental pathway
T cells do not rearrange their antigen-receptor genes in the bone marrow
Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) is carried out by ______ after cross-linking of IgG1 or IgG3 antibodies on _____ receptors. Answer NK cells; FcγRIII
Complexes of IgG bound to soluble multivalent antigens can activate the classical pathway of complement, resulting in the deposition of _____ on the complex, targeting it for endocytic
antibodies as diversified as B-2 cells
Which one of the following protein tyrosine kinase mediates T-cell activation resulting in T-cell proliferation and differentiation? - Answer ZAP-
Which of the following is TRUE regarding two forms of the disease leprosy, tuberculoid leprosy and lepromatous leprosy? -Answer -the tuberculoid form is associated with a TH1 biased immune response
-the lepromatous form is associated with a TH2 biased immune response
HyperIgM syndrome is an extremely rare disease. HyperIgM syndrome is caused by a variety of different genetic defects. All of these genetic defects share one feature in common that gives rise to the disease. Which of the following sets of genetic defects would be responsible for HyperIgM syndrome? - Answer Genetic defects that interfere with the interaction of T cells with B cells
Which of the following are features of systemic lupus erythematosus? - Answer -it is an autoimmune disease
- This is associated with a deficiency of C4A
Increased level of immune complexes can be detected in the blood
Deposition of immune complexes on kidney glomeruli may result in kidney complications
Discussion topic #2 of this online course, there are a number of articles regarding a targeting method using something called chimeric antigen receptors or CARs to target cancer. Which of the following is TRUE regarding these CARs - Answer The CARs are expressed on T cells so that the T cells can recognize cancer cells
The process involving receptor-mediated transport of macromolecules from one side of a cell to the other is called - Answer transcytosis
Which two gene loci are involved in the chromosomal translocation that leads to Burkitt's lymphoma? - Answer Myc and a BCR gene
Activated T cells express _______, which binds to B7 with 20 times higher affinity than CD28 and results in _______ of T-cell activity and proliferation - Answer CTLA4; suppression
Multiple myeloma is associated with which stage of immune cell? - Answer Plasma cell
Which of the following is not a function of antibodies? - Answer they exert toxic effects directly
The symptoms of allergy and asthma are induced after cross-linking of IgE antibody on FcεRI receptors found on the surface of ________ - Answer mast cells, basophils, eosinophils
Where would the majority of follicular dendritic cells be found in the lymph node? - Answer B cell area
If a non-professional APC lacking co-stimulatory molecules presents peptide:MHC complexes to a T cell specific for that peptide then _____. - Answer T-cell tolerance occurs as a result of anergy.
Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) are ______ that are phosphorylated by ______ - Answer transcription factors; JAKs
Which of the following would occur following the generation of a functional μ chain as a pre-B-cell receptor? - Answer All of the above would occur
Which of the following is FALSE regarding B cells that have entered the lymph node? - Answer The main site for affinity maturation is in the T cell area
ITAMs are located on ________ - Answer the cytoplasmic tails of Igα and Igβ
Why is the suppression of naive B cells in secondary immune responses advantageous to the host in combating the measles virus but disadvantageous to the host in combating the influenza virus? - Answer The measles virus is an relatively invariant pathogen but influenza is highly mutable
The only single receptor that can activate NK cells in the absence of a second activating receptor is _____. - Answer CD16a
The effectiveness and specificity of the adaptive immune defenses and immunological memory increase with successive exposure to a given pathogen because - Answer Of affinity maturation
Which one of the following statements is NOT correct about the evolution of the immune system? - Answer The adaptive immune system has been identified in invertebrates and vertebrates
A conjugate vaccine is one that couples _____ to _____ so as to stimulate T-dependent antibody responses. - Answer polysaccharide; a protein carrier
Epstein-Barr virus infects and establishes latency in _____, gaining entry by binding to ______ - Answer B cells; CR
Select which of the following is not a property of secreted mucins - Answer contain glycosylated cysteine residues
Which of the following statements regarding NK cells is not true? - Answer Their inhibitory receptors are required for killing of healthy cells
A primary immune response against influenza virus results in antibodies binding to _______ - Answer hemagglutinin and neuraminidase
Which of the following is FALSE? - Answer Mesenteric lymph nodes are associated with the urogenital tract
Commensal microorganisms in the gut permit all of the following except - Answer secrete enzymes needed for protein digestion
Herpes simplex virus prefers neurons as site of latency due to low amount of __________ that eliminates the chance of its killing by CD8 T crlls - Answer MHC class I
Anatomically, location of Peyer's patches - Answer Small intestine
Which one of the following statements is true concerning infection and dissemination of influenza? - Answ: Influenza can occur from birds to human
Shingles is due to infection with ____. - Answer herpes zoster
Which of the following does NOT describe γ:δ T cells? - Answer Their reaction depends exclusively on T cell receptor
About one quarter of individuals infected with hepatitis C _________ - Answer mount an effective immune response and eradicate the virus
________ compensates for the absence of secretory IgA in selective IgA deficiency because it can be secreted by mucosal tissues using the same receptor needed for transcytosis - Answer IgM
_____ cause(s) mild and limited disease, whereas _____ cause(s) more severe disease and higher
mortality - Answer antigenic drift and antigenic shift
Which of the following is NOT an inactivated virus vaccine? - Answer Flumist
The "original antigenic sin" is best described as a phenomenon in which - Answer A highly mutable virus gradually escapes from immunological memory and interferes with compensatory immune responses
High-affinity IgG antibodies are produced during a secondary immune response. Which of the following best explains why low-affinity IgM antibodies are not made? - Answer Naive pathogen-specific B cells are inhibited through negative signaling by FcγRIIB1.
T cells undergo positive selection to identify "self" whereas NK cells are said to recognize "missing self." Which of the following is NOT a mechanism by which NK cells do not kill other body cells? Choose the correct answer During development, NK cells that can recognize HLA class I molecules presenting self-peptides are induced to undergo apoptosis and are eliminated
Individuals with antibody deficiency are more prone to infections by all of the following except - Answer Mycobacterium tuberculosis
______ cause(s) mild and limited disease, whereas ______ cause(s) more severe disease and higher mortality - Answer antigenic drift and antigenic shift
______ accounts for the production of different isoforms of the CD45 protein observed in naive, effector, and memory T cells - Answer alternative splicing
Genes encoding _______ rearrange in trypanosomes permitting replication and survival of the pathogen until the host produces an antibody response against the altered gene product - Answer variable surface glycoproteins (VSGs)
By what mechanism are fetal erythrocytes destroyed in hemolytic anemia of the newborn? - Answer clearance of antibody-coated erythrocytes by macrophages in the fetal spleen
An adjuvant enhances the effectiveness of vaccines by inducing the expression of _____ on ________. - Answer co-stimulatory molecules; macrophages and dendritic cells
A stressed cell will express. - Answer MIC glycoproteins
Laboratory animals reared in gnotobiotic conditions ________ - Answer Have less secondary lymphoid tissues than do control animals
Which of the following is a way the dendritic cells directly capture antigens from the lumen of the gut? - Answer Extend dendrites between intracellular enterocyte junctions into the lumen
All NK cells express - Answer NKG2D
