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Muscle Types, Firing Patterns, and Functions, Exams of Health sciences

Arizona Western CollegeHealth sciences

An in-depth exploration of various muscle types, their characteristics, and their functions in the human body. It covers topics such as phasic and postural muscles, their fiber types, and their roles in movements like flexion, extension, and rotation. The document also delves into muscle contraction types, including isometric, isotonic, and eccentric, and explains their mechanisms. Furthermore, it discusses muscle origins, insertions, and actions of several major muscles in the body, such as the deltoid, trapezius, and sartorius.

Typology: Exams

2023/2024

Available from 05/28/2024

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MBLEX Final Exam Prep. Kinesiology
Exam And Answers.
Phasic Muscles -
\Higher percentage of fast twitch white fibers
Jump into action quickly and tire quickly
Usually weaken in response to postural muscle shortening
Examples of Phasic Muscles -
\Deltoid and Biceps Brachii
Postural Muscles -
\Higher percentage of slow twitch red fibers
Relatively slow to respond
Tend to shorten and increase in tension when under strain
Examples of Postural Muscles -
\Erector Spinae and Soleus
General Muscle Firing Pattern -
\Prime Movers
Stabilizers
Synergists
Synergistic Dominance -
\The dysfunction in which muscles compensate for a weak prime mover to produce the
movement
Reciprocal Inhibition -
\When a tight muscle decreases nervous stimulation to its antagonist causing it to
reduce activity
Flexors, internal rotators and adductors are about ______ to ______ stonger than the
antagonist -
\25-30%
Isometric muscle contraction -
\The length of the muscle does not change
Occurs when someone tried to pick up something that does not move
Isotonic Muscle Contraction -
\The length of the muscle changes
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MBLEX Final Exam Prep. Kinesiology

Exam And Answers.

Phasic Muscles - \Higher percentage of fast twitch white fibers Jump into action quickly and tire quickly Usually weaken in response to postural muscle shortening Examples of Phasic Muscles - \Deltoid and Biceps Brachii Postural Muscles - \Higher percentage of slow twitch red fibers Relatively slow to respond Tend to shorten and increase in tension when under strain Examples of Postural Muscles - \Erector Spinae and Soleus General Muscle Firing Pattern - \Prime Movers Stabilizers Synergists Synergistic Dominance - \The dysfunction in which muscles compensate for a weak prime mover to produce the movement Reciprocal Inhibition - \When a tight muscle decreases nervous stimulation to its antagonist causing it to reduce activity Flexors, internal rotators and adductors are about ______ to ______ stonger than the antagonist - \25-30% Isometric muscle contraction - \The length of the muscle does not change Occurs when someone tried to pick up something that does not move Isotonic Muscle Contraction - \The length of the muscle changes

Eccentric muscle contraction - \Muscle lengthens Concentric muscle contraction - \Muscle shortens When a jointed area moves into flexion and the joint angle is decreased, the prime mover and synergist... - \Concentrically contract When a jointed area moves into flexion and the joint angle is decreased, the antagonist eccentrically contracts while... - \Lengthening Golgi Tendon Organs - \Respond to tension and send a signal to the antagonist Protects the muscle from contracting with too much force and speed Sends impulses to the central nervous system that lead to muscle relaxation Muscle spindles - \Stretch receptors Respond to sudden and excessive lengthening Joint Kinesthetic Receptors - \Found in Joints Respond to pressure and joint movement Rotator Cuff Muscles - \Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres Minor Subscapularis Supraspinatus is... - \Deep to the trapezius Infraspinatus is - \Superficial with a medial portion deep to the trapezius and a lateral portion deep to the deltoid. Teres Minor - \A small muscle high on the axilla Subscapularis - \Between the subscapular fossa and serratus anterior

The Triceps Brachii inserts into the - \Olecranon process of the ulna The Subscapularis inserts into the - \Lesser tubercle of the humerus The Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus and Teres Minor insert into the - \Greater tubercle of the humerus The Biceps Brachii inserts into the - \Tuberosity of the radius The Anconeus inserts into the - \Ulna The Pronator Teres inserts into the - \Radius The Flexor carpi Ulnaris inserts into the - \Carpals Extensor Hallicus Longus inserts into the - \Phalanx Flexor Digitorum Longus inserts into the - \Phalanges The rectus abdominus inserts into the - \Cartilage of the fifth sixth and seventh ribs and the zyphoid process External Obliques insert into - \The anterior part of the iliac crest, abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba The Sternocleidomastoid inserts into the - \Occiput The platysma inserts into the - \Skin on edge of mandible Splenius Cirvisis inserts into - \Vertebrae Oblique Capitis Inferior inserts into the - \Transverse process of the atlas

The gluteus medius inserts into the - \Greater Trochanter The gluteus maximus inserts into the - \Gluteal tuberosity and IT tract Quadratus Lumborum inserts into the - \Last rib and the transverse process of the first through fourth lumbar vertebrae Psoas Major inserts into the - \Lesser trochanter of the femur Biceps Femoris inserts into the - \Head of the Fibula Piriformis inserts into the - \Femur The Sartorius inserts into the - \Proximal, medial shaft of the tibia at the pes ansernus tendon The gracilis inserts into the - \Proximal medial shaft of the tibia at the pes anserinus tendon Gastrosnemius inserts into the - \Calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon The Soleus inserts into the - \Calcaneus Tibialis Anterior inserts into the - \Medial Cuniform and the base of the first metatarsal Tibialis Posterior inserts into the - \Tarsals and metatarsals Origin of Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres Minor - \Superior half of the lateral border of the scapula Origin of Flexor carpi radialis - \Medial Epicondyle of humerus Origin of Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus - \Lateral supracondycular ridge of the humerus Origin of the Extensor Carpi Ulnaris -

Horizontally adducts and abducts the shoulder Actions of the Trapezius - \Extension Rotation Laterally flexes the head and neck Elevation Depression Adducts and upwardly rotates the scapula Actions of the Serratus Anterior and Pectoralis Minor - \Protraction or abduction of the scapula Depression of the scapula Actions of Trapezius and Rhomboids - \Retraction or adduction of the scapula Actions of Rhomboid Major and Minor - \Adduction Elevation Downwardly rotates the scapula Actions of Supraspinatus - \Abducts the shoulder - Can bring the shoulder to a 90 degree angle Action of Subscapularis - \Medially Rotates the shoulder Action of Infraspinatus and Teres Minor - (Complete Synergists) Laterally Rotates Adduction Extension Horizontally abducts the shoulder Actions of Triceps Brachii - \Extends the elbow Adducts the shoulder Extends the shoulder Actions of the Biceps Brachii - \Flexes the Elbow Supinates the forearm Flexes the shoulder Actions of the Brachioradialis -

\Flexes the elbow Assists in supination and pronation of the forearm Actions of the Biceps Aponeurosis - \Stabilizes the ulna during flexion and supination Actions of the Palmaris Longus - \Flexes the Elbow Actions of the Abductor Pollicis Longus - \Extends and abducts the thumb Actions of the Extensor Carpi Ulnaris and Flexor Carpi Ulnaris - \Adduction of the wrist Actions of the Sternocliedomastoid - \Laterally flex and rotate head and neck - Flexes neck Actions of the Platysma - \Assists in depression of the Mandible Actions of the Diaphragm - \Contracts for abdominal inhalation Actions of the External Obliques - \Lateral flexion and flexion of the vertebral column Rotation of the vertebral column to the opposite side Actions of the Internal Obliques - \Lateral Flexion and flexion of the vertebral column Rotation of the vertebral column to the same side Actions of the Internal Intercostals - \Decreases the space of the thoracic cavity Actions of the semispinalis - \Extends the vertebral column and head Actions of the Multifidi - \Rotates the vertebral column Actions of the Biceps Femoris - \Flexes and laterally rotates the knee Extends and laterally rotates the hip Tilts the Pelvis

\the radioulnar joint If a client complains of difficulty climbing stairs and walking up an incline the _________ is most likely weak - \Quadriceps Femoris Tensor Fascia Latae and the Adductors would become dominant to compensate for a weak... - \Gluteus Medius Diarthrosis - \Freely movable joint, the joints between the tibia and fibula Amphiarthrosis - \Slightly movable joint, the joints between the vertebrae Synarthrosis - \Immovable Joint - Where the bones of the skull meet Synondrosis - \A joint in which a thin layer of hyaline growth cartilage... Symphysis - \A joint with thin layers of hyaline cartilage over bone separated by fibrocartilage such as the two pubic bones Syndesmosis - \A Fibrous joint that joins bone with ligment, cord, or membrane such as the joint of the tibula and fibula A synarthrotic joint in which two bony components are held together by dense fibrous tissue - \A suture