Mathematics Formula Sheet & Explanation
This cheat sheet displays formulas relating to geometric measurement and certain algebra
concepts. Formulas are provided to test-takers so that they may focus on application, rather
than the memorization, of formulas.
Mathematics Formula Sheet
Area of a:
square
A =
s
2
rectangle
A =
lw
parallelogram
A =
bh
triangle
A =
!
!
bh
trapezoid
A =
!
!
h(b1 + b2)
circle
A = πr2
Perimeter of a:
square
P = 4s
rectangle
P = 2l + 2w
triangle
P = s
1
+ s
2
+ s
3
Circumference of a circle
C = 2πr OR C = πd; π ≈ 3.14
Surface area and volume of a:
rectangular prism
SA = 2
lw
+ 2
lh
+ 2
wh
V =
lwh
right prism
SA =
ph + 2B
V =
Bh
cylinder
SA = 2
πrh + 2πr
2
V =
πr
2
h
pyramid
SA = !
!
ps + B
V = !
!
Bh
cone
SA =
πrs + πr
2
V = !
!
πr2h
sphere
SA = 4
πr
2
V = !
!
πr3
(p = perimeter of base with area B; π ≈ 3.14)
Data
mean
mean is equal to the total of the values of a data set, divided by
the number of elements in the data set
median
median is the middle value in an odd number of ordered values
of a data set, or the mean of the two middle values in an even
number of ordered values in a data set
Algebra
slope of a line
!=!!−!!
!!−!!
slope
-intercept form of the equation
of a
line
y
= mx + b
point
-slope form of the equation of a
line
y
– y1 = m(x – x1)
standard form of a quadratic equation
y
= ax
2
+ bx + c
quadratic formula
!=
−!±!!−4!"
2!
Pythagorean theorem
a2
+ b
2
= c
2
simple interest
I
= Prt
(
I = interest, P = principal, r = rate, t = time)
distance formula
d
= rt
total cost
total cost = (number of units)
× (price per unit)
