Docsity
Docsity

Prepare for your exams
Prepare for your exams

Study with the several resources on Docsity


Earn points to download
Earn points to download

Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan


Guidelines and tips
Guidelines and tips

Mastitis, Lecture notes of Abnormal Psychology

Outline - Outline

Typology: Lecture notes

2014/2015

Uploaded on 10/14/2015

leslea_spence
leslea_spence 🇺🇸

4.7

(3)

3 documents

1 / 5

Toggle sidebar

This page cannot be seen from the preview

Don't miss anything!

bg1
Mastitis
Goal: to produce as much milk as possible and one live calve every 12/13 months per cow
Mastitis inflammation of the breast
Animal health loss of quarters, reduce milk production, well being of cattle
Human health potential source of disease, antibiotics in milk, poor milk quality
Clinical and subclinical presentations
Somatic Cell Count SCC
If increase = reduce potential of milk production/yr
Low SCC = good quality
Milk quality and safety dairy products
More sodium in mastitis affects bacteria in products
Basic component of milk change
o Increase blood proteins, sodium, calcium
Salmonella, listerial, E.coli, Staph aureus
Affects on reproduction
Reduces reproductive efficiency
o Interval to first estrus, first service and services per concenption
Prego cow w/ clinical mastitis
o Increase risk of pregnancy loss more than 3X than prego cow w/o mastitis
Affects on farm profitability
Dec milk production
o 70% of total costs
o No visible to producers
Discard milk to treatment
Affect reproduction
o Inc interval to pregonancy
o Inc pregnancy loss
Culling
Death of animals esp during summer
Effect on penalties and lost quality premiums
Drugs and professional services
Timing of infection
Higher when dry off
o Allows to get ready for next lactation and colostrum for next calve
MastitisEquation:
Exposuretomicroorganisms+Abilitytoenterteatcanal+
stressaffectingimmunesystem/response
pf3
pf4
pf5

Partial preview of the text

Download Mastitis and more Lecture notes Abnormal Psychology in PDF only on Docsity!

Mastitis

Goal: to produce as much milk as possible and one live calve every 12/13 months per cow

Mastitis – inflammation of the breast

Animal health – loss of quarters, reduce milk production, well being of cattle

Human health – potential source of disease, antibiotics in milk, poor milk quality

Clinical and subclinical presentations

Somatic Cell Count – SCC x If increase = reduce potential of milk production/yr x Low SCC = good quality

Milk quality and safety – dairy products x More sodium in mastitis – affects bacteria in products x Basic component of milk change o Increase blood proteins, sodium, calcium x Salmonella, listerial, E.coli, Staph aureus

Affects on reproduction x Reduces reproductive efficiency o Interval to first estrus, first service and services per concenption x Prego cow w/ clinical mastitis o Increase risk of pregnancy loss more than 3X than prego cow w/o mastitis

Affects on farm profitability x Dec milk production o 70% of total costs o No visible to producers x Discard milk to treatment x Affect reproduction o Inc interval to pregonancy o Inc pregnancy loss x Culling x Death of animals – esp during summer x Effect on penalties and lost quality premiums x Drugs and professional services

Timing of infection x Higher when dry off o Allows to get ready for next lactation and colostrum for next calve

Anatomy of Udder x Independent 4 quarters o Can dry one quarter and only have an infection in one x Quarter – pics x Natural defense o Sphincter w/ caratin to form barrier to keep bacterial from entering canal o React by invading leukocytes – slide o Teat canal is open during milking – bacteria easier to enter x Pathophysiology o Bacteria enter teat canal at some time btw milking or during milking o Bacteria reproduce in teat canal and teat cistern and udder cistern o Bacteria continue to reproduce slowly or rapidly and get into alveoli o Leukocytes pass from blood into alveoli to fight invading bacteria o These clots can block milk ducts ƒ Alveoli swell and milk production stops o Inflammation progresses ƒ Quarter may bkm swollen, red, hot, hard, painful o Bacteria product toxins that disseminate through blood into whole body o Abnormal milk and swollen udder – animal may now be ill

SubClincial Mastitis x Presence of infection w/o apparent sigsn of local inflammation or systemic involvement x Detection best by: o Examination of milk for somatic cell counts ƒ Predominately neutrophils x SCC o Bulk tank SCC determines ƒ <200,000 – not infected ƒ 200,000 – 300, x Not infected, infected by minor pathogen, infected in one quarter ƒ > 300,000 – infected in one quarter or recovering

Clinical Mastitis x Mild o Inflammatory response to infection causing visibly abnormal milk o Not changes in udder ƒ No swelling heat, pain, redness o ONLY abnormal milk x Moderate o Inflammatory response to inflection causeing visibly abdnormal milk and changes in udder o Udder changes ƒ Swelling, pain, pain, redness ƒ Only to mammary gland

x Moderate o Treat udder w/ antibiotic x Severe o Treat udder w/ antibiotic, supportive therapy

Mastitis treatments x IMM therapy o Approved product o Correct antibiotic – based on culture reports o Correct technique o Cow history, treatments and results o Use standard written protocols x Supportive treatment o Treat symptoms o Oxytocin after milking, stripping

Mastitis prevention x Contagious o Proper milking technique ƒ Prodedure, training, monitoring o Predipping o Maintain milking equipment o Milk contagious cows last x Environmental o Keep cows clean ƒ Proper bedding, clean and dry ƒ General farm housekeeping x Manure, udder, flies o Udder flaming, tail docking o Cow comfort, stall o Postdipping – barrier dips ƒ After milking o Increase natural defense ƒ Vaccines – not 100% effective x Complement to correct management x Salmonella, E. coli x Prepartum, ƒ Mycoplasma – produces scar tissue around

Clinical Cure x When quarter and milk are back to normal

Bacteriological Cure x Culture is negative

Teat problems x Excessive congestion x Ring at teat base x Teat chapping, warts x Herpes, pseudo-cowpox

Udder conformation x Want udder not lower than tarsus x If down o Produce lots of milk o Age o Broken ligaments of mammary gland

6 Point Plan for Control

  1. Proper milking hygiene of all teats a. 1 paper towel/cow
  2. Use adequate milking machines
  3. Post-milking teat dipping of all teats
  4. Dry cow therapy of all quarters of all cows
  5. Treat and record all cases of clinical mastitis
  6. Cull chronic cases of mastitis

Ideal milking order x First calving cows x High producer cows x Medium producer cows x Low producer cows x High somatic cell count cows x Mastitic cows