Download NURS 665 Exam 2 Spring 2024: Group Therapy Techniques and Concepts and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
Maryville NURS 665 Exam 2 Spring 2024
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Empathy Roger's defined this as the capacity to see the world of another by assuming the internal frame of reference of that person. It dissolves alienation. Empathy a deep capacity to recall, relieve, and tap one's feelings through the intense experiences of others. By understanding the feels of others--as as the need for love and acceptance, hurt about past experiences, loneliness, joy, and enthusiasm--members come to see themselves more clearly. Means caring, and caring is expressed in a group by genuine and active involvement with the other members. stress inoculation Consists of a combination of elements of information giving, Socratic discussion, cognitive restructuring, problem solving, relaxation training, behavioral and imagined rehearsals, self- monitoring, self-instruction, self-reinforcement, and environmental change. Concerned with more than merely teaching people specific coping skills. Meichenbaum's program is designed to prepare clients for interventions and motivate
them to change, and it deals with issues such as resistance and relapse. Hope if change is to occur, members must believe that change is possible, that they need not remain trapped in the past, and that they can take active steps to make their lives more authentic. It gives members the incentive to commit themselves to the demanding work that change requires. Yalom has indicated, instilling and maintaining hope are crucial in group therapy so that members will remain in the group and other therapeutic factors can take effect. Yalom cites research demonstrating that clients' high expectations that therapy will help them are significantly correlated with positive outcomes. Intimacy develops in a group when people have revealed enough of themselves for others to identify with them. Increases as people work through their struggles together. When members learn that others have similar problems, they no longer feel isolated; identification with others eventually brings about closeness, which enables the members to help one another work through fears. The group setting provides an ideal arena for members to discover their fears of getting close to others. Making the Rounds (Psychodrama)
to awareness. Movements, postures, and gestures are exaggerated so that the meanings they communicate become clearer. By exaggerating the movement or gesture repeatedly, the person experiences the feelings associated with the behavior more intensely and becomes more aware of the inner meaning of that behavior. Assumptions-based learning Not all Native Americans have the same experiences, nor do all African Americans, Asians, women, older people, or people with disabilities. It is important to explore individual differences among members of the same cultural group and not to make general assumptions based on an individual's group. Regardless of your cultural background, you must be prepared to deal with the complex differences among individuals in areas such as race, culture, ethnicity, sexual orientation, disability status, religion, socioeconomic status, gender, and age. CBT Challenge Cognitive restructuring ยท Identification of problematic cognitions known as automatic thoughts; ยท Identification of the cognitive distortions in the automatic thoughts; ยท A rational disputation of automatic thoughts with Socratic dialogue; ยท Development of a rational rebuttal to the automatic thoughts.
Collective vs. collaborative empiricism ยง Collective resonance occurs when a group of diverse people is deeply in tune with their own feelings and thoughts as well as with what others are feeling and thinking. ยง Collaborative empiricism involves a partnership between the group therapist and the group members in addressing the problems they bring to a group. The group leader assists members in forming hypotheses and testing their assumptions. Follow Up Session ยง Should be identified in the final session of a group ยง This session is valuable because it offers the group leader an opportunity to assess the outcomes of the group but also because it gives members the chance to gain a more realistic picture of the impact the group has had on them and their peers. ยง Discuss efforts members have made since termination of the group ยง Report on the difficulties they have encountered ยง Share the joys and successes they have experiences in life ยง Recall some of the things that have occurred in the group ยง Provides group members with the opportunity to express and work through any afterthoughts or feelings connected with the group experience. ยง Assist members in locating specific referral resources for further growth once the group ends. Trust
self0disclosure is, and what it is not. ยง Does not mean revealing one's innermost secrets and digging into one's past. ยง Highly valued in most of the traditional counseling approaches, may be foreign to the values of some cultural groups. Termination ยง Preparing the group to close a session or end its existence ยง To help members assimilate, integrate, and apply in-group learning to every day life. ยง Initial goal formation question that a group leader often asks is, "What needs to be different in your life as a result of coming here for you to say that being in this group was worthwhile?" ยง Establishing clear goals from the beginning of a group lays the groundwork for effective termination. ยง Members can also be helped to identify hurdles or perceived barriers that could get in the way of maintaining the changes they have made. Reality Therapy o Insight is essential for change to occur o Main Goal ยง Develop an action plan for change o Leaders encourage members to evaluate their current behavior ยง Members decide for themselves the quality of their actions o Reality therapy view of the medical model
ยง A means of providing excuses to people who are behaving in irresponsible ways Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) involves fully accepting present experience and mindfully letting go of obstacles. is designed to help clients learn that suppressing negative or unwanted thoughts or painful feelings does not work. Commitment refers to making decisions about what clients most value and what they are willing to do to live a meaningful life. This approach uses concrete homework and behavioral exercises to help clients live by their values. The focus of is allowing experience to come and go while pursuing a meaningful life. Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT) This approach makes use of mindfulness and was developed to help clients regulate emotions and behavior associated with depression. for clients whose symptoms include behaviors resulting in nonfatal self-harm. Although it was developed primarily to treat borderline personality disorders, the basic concepts and strategies of this type of therapy are now being applied to a wide range of problems, including anxiety disorders, depression, eating disorders, substance-use disorders, and trauma-based problems. The practice of acceptance involves being in the present moment, seeing reality as it is without distortions, without judgment, without evaluation, and without trying to hang on to an experience or to get rid of it. Mindfulness
thoughts are not facts and that they can allow thoughts to come and go, rather than attempting to dispute them out of existence as might be done in traditional CBT. This type of therapy aims at changing clients' awareness of and relation to their negative thought. For DEPRESSION. Relapse prevention focus on cognitive, behavioral, and lifestyle choice that might be changed or reinforced; identify relapse triggers, develop coping strategies to avoid/manage triggers Dyadic support system means a group of at least two- For an example, In this study, 72 men who underwent radical prostatectomy 6-weeks prior were randomly assigned to usual health care control group or peer-to- peer support group Sponsor system is like a good friend, a mentor and an experienced guide on the path to recovery. A sponsor is someone who has suffered from addiction and has experienced recovery by working the Twelve Steps as outlined in the Twelve Step Program. Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and Narcotic Anonymous (NA) are both 12- step recovery programs for people suffering from alcohol and drug addiction Peer enforcement system
o an intervention that leverages shared experience to foster trust, decrease stigma and create a sustainable forum for seeking help and sharing information about support resources and What Peer Support Can Do ; Foster social networking Improve quality of life Promote wellness Improve coping skills Support acceptance of illness/situation Improve compliance (e.g., medication adherence) Reduce concerns Increase satisfaction with health status Peer-to-peer programs can also promote awareness among the target population(s) and reduce stigma merely by providing a platform for discussion. Peer supporters "speak the same language" as those they are helping as a result of shared experience(s), which fosters an environment of credibility and trust. Importantly, peers tend to interact more frequently with service members than do chaplains or members of the medical community. As a result, peers are most likely to notice changes in behavior and personality of an individual. Peer support is also critical to unit cohesion and confidence in leadership, critical factors in mitigating PTSD. Service members and veterans are more willing to share their feelings and concerns with someone who has had a similar experience Buddy system Just as in behavioral groups, reality therapy can encourage members to make contacts with each other during the week if they have trouble sticking by their commitments. Cognitive-behavioral therapy
account the role of internal experiences (thoughts and feelings) in determining human behavior; humans are, first and foremost, thinking beings, capable of organizing their behavior and modifying it according to circumstances Third-generation behavior therapy Emphasize mindfulness, acceptance, the therapeutic relationship, spirituality, values, meaning and purpose in one's life, meditation, being in the present moment, and emotional expression. Also known as third wave approaches. Integration of first and second generations of behavioral therapy. Fourth-generation behavior therapy fourth wave is a turn toward process-based therapy (PBT), in which processes, procedures and their linkage are evidence- based, and are used to alleviate the problems and promote the prosperity of people. Acceptance theory acceptance is a process involving receiving one's present experience without judgement or preference, but with curiosity and kindness, and striving for full awareness of the present moment (Germer, 2005b); the concept of acceptance does not imply resigning oneself to life's problems; instead, acceptance is best viewed as a client's ability to notice, accept, and even embrace events (Antony, 2014). Personal analysis theory
Developed by George Kelly. He explicitly stated that each individual's task in understanding their personal psychology is to put in order the facts of his or her own experience. Then the individual, like the scientist, is to test the accuracy of that constructed knowledge by performing those actions the constructs suggest. If the results of their actions are in line with what the knowledge predicted, then they have done a good job of finding the order in their personal experience. If not, then they can modify the construct: their interpretations or their predictions or both. This method of discovering and correcting constructs is simply the scientific method used by all modern sciences to discover the truths about the universe we live in. Self-psychology theory ยท Rejects Freudian ideology ยท Focuses on empathy toward the person in treatment and exploration of fundamental components of healthy growth and development. The paradoxical theory of change personal change tends to occur when we become what aware of what we are opposed to trying to become what we are not, Stated slightly differently, it is important to accept Who and What we are rather than striving to accept what we "Should be." -according to Beisser (1970) Gestalt therapy Confrontation
We disown certain aspects of ourselves by ascribing them to the environment. We have trouble distinguishing between the inside world and the outside world. Those attributes of our personality that are inconsistent with our self-image are disowned and put onto other people. By seeing in others, the very qualities that we refuse to acknowledge in ourselves, we avoid taking responsibility for our own feelings and the person who we are. The basis of transference. Introjection the tendency to accept others' beliefs and standards uncritically without assimilating them and making them congruent with who we are. Passively incorporate what the environment provides, spending little time on clearly understanding what we want or need. Common during early stages of group. Less common during the working stage. Dialogue technique Because a goal of Gestalt therapy is to achieve integrated function and the acceptance of aspects of one's personality that have been disowned and denied, therapists pay close attention to splits and polarities in personality function. FANTASY DIALOGUES are meant to promote awareness of INTERNAL SPLITS and eventual PERSONALITY INTEGRATION. These dialogues can take many forms, for example dialogues between opposing sides or polarities within oneself (tender/tough/brave/scared, masculine/feminne,loving/hateful,
active/ passive) or dialogues with a parent or other significant person, fantasized others, or dialogues with inanimate objects. Rehearsal technique members say out loud what they are thinking silently. s. For example, during the initial stages of one of my groups, Erin was quite silent and appeared to be developing an observer's stance. When I asked her if she was indeed saying everything she wanted to say, she shook her head in denial. So I asked her to express aloud some of the random thoughts she had as she was sitting there in silence.In a Gestalt group the participants share their rehearsals with one another to become more aware of the many preparations they go through in performing their social roles. By doing so, they become more aware of how they strive to please others, of the degree to which they want to be accepted and approved, and of the extent of their efforts to avoid alienating others. Reversal technique members say out loud what they are thinking silently. s. For example, during the initial stages of one of my groups, Erin was quite silent and appeared to be developing an observer's stance. When I asked her if she was indeed saying everything she wanted to say, she shook her head in denial. So I asked her to express aloud some of the random thoughts she had as she was sitting there in silence.In a Gestalt group the participants share their rehearsals with one another to become more aware of the
the group member's movements, language pattern, voice, gestures and interactions with others. There is a value in attending to observable behavior and creating a climate in which the group members can come into contact with their changing awareness from moment to moment. Experiments ยท are designed to put clients into closer contact with their ongoing experiencing from moment to moment, and some Gestalt groups have a very tight focus on the here-and-now. ยท can be designed that allow members to try out various body positions. By inviting individuals to move out of a particular posture and experiment with a new posture, leaders can facilitate awareness. ยท Gestalt group therapists have latitude to invent their own experiments, which are basically an extension of their personality. Therapists must be grounded and in tune with themselves as well as being present for their clients. Group leaders need to be mindful of not becoming technique-bound and losing sight of their own being as they engage the client. Goal of Gestalt Therapy ยง Recognition of current feelings, actions, and sensations ยง Discover the meaning that dreams have for them ยท Road to contact ยท They also view dreams as a road to contact. Dreams can be used in groups quite creatively "as a starting point for
discoveries about present relationships with other group members or the therapist or with a recognition of an existential position which bears exploration using the dream only as a point of Departure". The member can be asked to relive the dream as though it were happening right now. Gestalt Leader ยง Suggests experiments that will lead to heightening experiencing ยง Brings the past, into the present moment by asking the member to re-experience this past issue as though it were occurring now ยง Personal problems, if done, should be done intentionally and serve the needs of the group Contemporary Gestalt Practice called relational Gestalt therapy includes more support and increased kindness and compassion in therapy as compared to confrontive and dramatic style; supportive style, accepting and challenging; increased attention given to families (focus communities) Contemporary Gestalt practice in the United very different from the style popularized by Perls (Schoenberg & Feder, 2005). This newer version, called relational Gestalt therapy, includes more support and increased kindness and compassion in therapy as compared to the confrontive and
