Marine Fishes: Multiple Choice Questions and Answers, Exams of Marine Science and Biology

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Chapter 10—Marine Fishes

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. The earliest fish are represented today by: a. hagfish. b. lamprey. c. sharks. d. both a and b. e. both b and c.

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 257

2. What characteristic does not describe a vertebrate? a. notochord. b. backbone. c. exoskeleton. d. gills or lungs. e. posterior tail.

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Synthesis REF: 257

3. The feeding mode of hagfishes is considered: a. predation. b. scavenging. c. suspension feeding. d. both a and b. e. b and c only.

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 259

4. Hagfish are caught commercially for their a. oil. b. mucus. c. meat. d. hide. e. scales.

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 259

5. A defense mechanism of hagfish is. a. to tie into a knot to prevent them from being swallowed. b. foul odor. c. abundant mucus. d. detection by the semicircular canals followed by avoidance.

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6. The feeding mode of adult lampreys is considered: a. parasitism. b. scavenging. c. predation. d. grazing. e. filter feeding.

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 260

7. Ammocoetes, the larval forms of lampreys, feed: a. on suspended particles. b. on other fishes. c. on benthic deposits. d. by parasitizing other fish.

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 260

8. The largest known fish is: a. the blue whale. b. the whale shark. c. the megamouth shark. d. the great white shark. e. the humpback whale.

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 260

9. The skin of sharks is covered with scales called: a. placoid. b. cycloid. c. ctenoid. d. ganoid. e. circular.

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 260

10. The forward thrust of swimming sharks is created by: a. the pectoral fins. b. the pelvic fins. c. the dorsal fin. d. the caudal fin. e. the anal fin.

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 260

11. A fish in which a sharp spine is associated with the dorsal fins is the: a. spiny dogfish.

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b. sea bass. c. hagfish. d. sea horse. e. goldfish.

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 260

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a. protect the gills. b. line the mouth. c. enclose the internal organs. d. detect smells. e. cover the eye.

ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 274

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18. Neuromast cells are associated with the of sharks. a. eyes b. lateral line c. nostrils d. brain e. ampullae

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 274

19. The neuromast cells are part of the system to a. process light. b. sense electrical currents in the water. c. control balance. d. detect vibrations. e. detect dissolved chemicals.

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 274

20. The ampullae of Lorenzini are specialized organs for detecting that are found in sharks. a. smells b. vibrations of the water c. tastes d. electrical output e. water pressure

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 274

21. The spiral valve is a specialized structure found within: a. bony fishes. b. sharks. c. sea turtles. d. lampreys. e. sea birds.

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 275

22. The rectal gland of sharks is involved in the excretion of: a. urea. b. sodium chloride. c. calcium and magnesium. d. trimethyamine oxide. e. carbon dioxide.

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 271

23. The kidneys of sharks excrete ions of:

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24. A shark reproduction scheme in which the embryos develop within eggs that supply all their nourishment inside the oviduct of the female is called: a. ovoviviparous. b. viviparous. c. spawning. d. oviparous.

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 278

25. Which of the following is not a measure to avoid a shark attack? a. Swimming where people, fish and/or blood are in the water b. Swimming at night, dusk or in murky water c. Swim with erratically behaving schools of fish d. Avoid splashing or wearing shiny jewelry

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Synthesis REF: 262

26. Unique features of skates and rays are their a. gill slits. b. adipose tissues. c. flat bodies. d. spiracles. e. countershaded bodies.

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 262 – 263

27. The forward thrust of swimming stingrays is created by: a. the pectoral fins. b. the pelvic fins. c. the dorsal fin. d. the caudal fin. e. the anal fin.

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 264

28. The spiracle in conjunction with a ventral gill in skates and rays is an adaptation that allows them to: a. be nekton. b. have a bottom existence. c. position their mouth ventrally. d. avoid detection by predators. e. filter feed on plankton.

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 263

29. Most skates are: a. ovoviviparous.

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b. oviparous. c. live bearers. d. viviparous. e. broadcast spawners.

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 264 | 278

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a. placoid. b. cycloid. c. stenoid. d. ganoid. e. rhomboid.

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 266

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36. Tails that have equally sized upper and lower lobes are called: a. heterocercal. b. ganoid. c. cycloid. d. homocercal. e. ctenoid.

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 260

37. Fishes that are very active swimmers have a body. a. fusiform b. laterally compressed c. globular d. flattened e. dorso-ventrally compressed

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 268

38. Fishes that exhibit a sedentary lifestyle have bodies. a. fusiform b. laterally compressed c. globular d. flattened e. streamlined

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 268

39. The following are all main points of the section Adaptations to Extreme Cold except: a. 90% of fish biomass in Antarctic seas belongs to a single species of fish. b. sugar and protein molecules in fish cells prevent fish from freezing c. some Antarctic fish lack hemoglobin in their blood. d. some Antarctic fish lack red blood cells. e. global warming may place these fish in danger of extinction.

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Synthesis REF: 275 – 276

40. Utilizing pigments for camouflage is common in fishes. a. benthic b. tuna c. pelagic d. reef e. angler

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 269

41. Which of the following is not a camouflage device?

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42. Countershading is a common form of camouflage in fishes. a. coral reef b. eel grass bed c. pelagic d. deep sea

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 269

43. Which of the following does not use a swim bladder to regulate buoyancy? a. mackerel b. sea bass c. grouper d. sheepshead e. butterfly fish

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 273

44. Snappers swim by: a. flexing only the area before the caudal fin. b. flexing only the posterior portion of the body. c. using only their fins. d. undulating the entire body.

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 271

45. Which function below is not performed by the gills of bony fishes? a. extract nutrients from the water b. extract oxygen form the water c. eliminate carbon dioxide from their body d. aid in osmoregulation

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Synthesis REF: 271

46. Most sodium chloride is excreted from marine bony fishes through: a. the kidneys. b. the gills. c. salt glands. d. the feces. e. diffusion.

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 271

47. The mechanism for gas exchange in the gills includes: a. chloride cells. b. rete mirable. c. countercurrent multiplier system.

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d. swim bladder inflation. e. hormonal controls.

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 271 | 272

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c. eyes. d. otoliths. e. all of the above.

ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Synthesis REF: 273 – 274

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54. The lateral line is part of the system to a. process light. b. sense electrical currents in the water. c. control balance. d. detect vibrations. e. detect dissolved substances.

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 274

55. The majority of bony fishes show the reproductive strategy. a. viviparous b. oviparous c. internal fertilization d. ovoviviparous

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 278

56. Fishes that reproduce in fresh water and migrate out to sea as adults are considered: a. catadromous. b. anadromous. c. polyandrous. d. polygynous. e. demersal.

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 281

57. are good examples of catadromous fishes. a. Lampreys b. Salmon c. Freshwater eels d. Hagfish e. Sea horses

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: 281

TRUE/FALSE

58. The skeletons of both hagfish and sharks are made of the same cartilaginous material.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 259 | 260

59. The reproductive biology of hagfishes is well understood.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 259