Docsity
Docsity

Prepare for your exams
Prepare for your exams

Study with the several resources on Docsity


Earn points to download
Earn points to download

Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan


Guidelines and tips
Guidelines and tips

Marine Ecology - Marine Biology - Lecture Slides, Slides of Biology

These are the lecture slides of Marine Biology. Key important points are: Marine Ecology, Interaction of Organisms, Biotic and Abiotic Factors, Biotic Factors, Abiotic Factors, Population Growth, Competition Between Species, Symbiotic Relationships, Energy Flow and Nutrient Cycle, Food Chains

Typology: Slides

2012/2013

Uploaded on 01/19/2013

maalolan
maalolan 🇮🇳

4.5

(8)

123 documents

1 / 57

Toggle sidebar

This page cannot be seen from the preview

Don't miss anything!

bg1
Marine Ecology
Docsity.com
pf3
pf4
pf5
pf8
pf9
pfa
pfd
pfe
pff
pf12
pf13
pf14
pf15
pf16
pf17
pf18
pf19
pf1a
pf1b
pf1c
pf1d
pf1e
pf1f
pf20
pf21
pf22
pf23
pf24
pf25
pf26
pf27
pf28
pf29
pf2a
pf2b
pf2c
pf2d
pf2e
pf2f
pf30
pf31
pf32
pf33
pf34
pf35
pf36
pf37
pf38
pf39

Partial preview of the text

Download Marine Ecology - Marine Biology - Lecture Slides and more Slides Biology in PDF only on Docsity!

Marine Ecology

Ecology = the study of the

interaction of organisms with

their environments.

Biotic Factors

  • Competitors
  • Disease
  • Predators
  • Food availability
  • Habitat availability
  • Symbiotic relationships

Abiotic Factors

  • pH
  • Temperature
  • Weather conditions
  • Water availability
  • Chemical composition of environment
  • nitrates, phosphates, ammonia, O 2 , pollution

The word " ecology " coined

from Greek word " oikos ",

which means " house " or "place

to live”.

Energy Flow & Nutrient Cycle

Food Chains

  • Artificial devices to illustrate energy flow from one trophic level to another
  • Trophic Levels: groups of organisms that obtain their energy in a similar manner

Nutrients

  • Inorganic nutrients incorporated into cells during photosynthesis
    • e.g. N, P, C, S
  • Cyclic flow in food chains
  • Decomposers release inorganic forms that become available to autotrophs again

Energy

  • Non-cyclic, unidirectional flow
  • Losses at each transfer from one trophic level to another
    • Losses as heat from respiration
    • Inefficiencies in processing
  • Total energy declines from one transfer to another
    • Limits number of trophic levels

Primary Producer PrimaryConsumer Secondary Consumer TertiaryConsumer

Food Chain

Decomposer

zooplankton larval fish fish

fungi

Energy Flow through an Ecosystem

heat heat heat

phytoplankton

sun

water

Nutrients

Transfer Efficiencies

  • Efficiency of energy transfer called transfer efficiency
  • Units are energy or biomass

E (^) t = P (^) t Pt-

P (^) t = annual production at level t

P (^) t-1 = annual production at t-

Primary producers

Tertiary consumers

Secondary consumers

Primary consumers 1,000 J

10% efficiency

Deposit feeders, filter feeders, grazers

1,000,000 J sunlight

10,000 J algae, seagrass, cyanobacteria, phytoplankton

100 J 1 st^ order carnivores

10 J 2 nd^ order carnivores

Feces

Growth

Cellular

Respiration

Antarctic Food Web

Some Feeding Types

Many species don’t fit into convenient categories

  • Algal Grazers and Browsers
  • Suspension Feeding
  • Filter Feeding
  • Deposit Feeding
  • Benthic Animal Predators
  • Plankton Pickers
  • Corallivores
  • Piscivores
  • Omnivores
  • Detritivores
  • Scavengers
  • Parasites
  • Cannibals
  • Ontogenetic dietary shifts Docsity.com