Marine Ecology
Docsity.com
Prepare for your exams
Study with the several resources on Docsity
Earn points to download
Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan
Guidelines and tips
Prepare for your exams
Study with the several resources on Docsity
Earn points to download
Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan
Community
Ask the community
Ask the community for help and clear up your study doubts
University Rankings
Discover the best universities in your country according to Docsity users
Free resources
Our save-the-student-ebooks!
Download our free guides on studying techniques, anxiety management strategies, and thesis advice from Docsity tutors
Marine Ecology - Marine Biology - Lecture Slides, Slides of Biology
These are the lecture slides of Marine Biology. Key important points are: Marine Ecology, Interaction of Organisms, Biotic and Abiotic Factors, Biotic Factors, Abiotic Factors, Population Growth, Competition Between Species, Symbiotic Relationships, Energy Flow and Nutrient Cycle, Food Chains
Typology: Slides
2012/2013
1 / 57
This page cannot be seen from the preview
Don't miss anything!
Related documents
Partial preview of the text
Download Marine Ecology - Marine Biology - Lecture Slides and more Slides Biology in PDF only on Docsity!
Marine Ecology
Ecology = the study of the
interaction of organisms with
their environments.
Biotic Factors
- Competitors
- Disease
- Predators
- Food availability
- Habitat availability
- Symbiotic relationships
Abiotic Factors
- pH
- Temperature
- Weather conditions
- Water availability
- Chemical composition of environment
- nitrates, phosphates, ammonia, O 2 , pollution
The word " ecology " coined
from Greek word " oikos ",
which means " house " or "place
to live”.
Energy Flow & Nutrient Cycle
Food Chains
- Artificial devices to illustrate energy flow from one trophic level to another
- Trophic Levels: groups of organisms that obtain their energy in a similar manner
Nutrients
- Inorganic nutrients incorporated into cells during photosynthesis
- e.g. N, P, C, S
- Cyclic flow in food chains
- Decomposers release inorganic forms that become available to autotrophs again
Energy
- Non-cyclic, unidirectional flow
- Losses at each transfer from one trophic level to another
- Losses as heat from respiration
- Inefficiencies in processing
- Total energy declines from one transfer to another
- Limits number of trophic levels
Primary Producer PrimaryConsumer Secondary Consumer TertiaryConsumer
Food Chain
Decomposer
zooplankton larval fish fish
fungi
Energy Flow through an Ecosystem
heat heat heat
phytoplankton
sun
water
Nutrients
Transfer Efficiencies
- Efficiency of energy transfer called transfer efficiency
- Units are energy or biomass
E (^) t = P (^) t Pt-
P (^) t = annual production at level t
P (^) t-1 = annual production at t-
Primary producers
Tertiary consumers
Secondary consumers
Primary consumers 1,000 J
10% efficiency
Deposit feeders, filter feeders, grazers
1,000,000 J sunlight
10,000 J algae, seagrass, cyanobacteria, phytoplankton
100 J 1 st^ order carnivores
10 J 2 nd^ order carnivores
Feces
Growth
Cellular
Respiration
Antarctic Food Web
Some Feeding Types
Many species don’t fit into convenient categories
- Algal Grazers and Browsers
- Suspension Feeding
- Filter Feeding
- Deposit Feeding
- Benthic Animal Predators
- Plankton Pickers
- Corallivores
- Piscivores
- Omnivores
- Detritivores
- Scavengers
- Parasites
- Cannibals
- Ontogenetic dietary shifts Docsity.com