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marie curie ad her contribution to physics
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Introduction: Marie curie was a scientist. She worked in the fields of physics, chemistry and radiation. She was the first woman who got a degree in physics. She with her husband, named “Pierre” worked together and discovered the elements “Polonium” and “Radium”. She was awarded with noble prize in physics and chemistry. She was first women to obtain a Noble prize. She worked greatly with radium throughout her life time, and discovered its various properties. Her excessive work with radioactive materials became the cause of her death. She died due to a blood disease in 1934. Early Life: Marie curie was born in November 7, 1867 in Poland. She was the youngest of five children. She has one older brother and three sisters. She belonged to an educated family. Her mother named “Bronislava” and father “Wladisaw” were educators who ensured that their girls will get education like their son. Curie’s mother deceased from Tuberculosis in 1878. The death of curie’s mother had a deep effect on Curie. She fought a long battle with depression.
Fig 1.1 Apparatus used by Henri Becquerel RADIOACTIVITY: The emission of electromagnetic wave by an atom whose nucleus is unstable is known as Radioactivity. Due to unstable nucleus atom emits tree type of radio nations like alpha, beta and Gemma radiations. Marie Curie and study of Uranium radiations Marie curie studied that whether the Radiations emits through the uranium depends upon its structure or not. She used different types of material; salt, oxide, metal and mineral and checked these things increase or decrease the conductance of air. The apparatus used by Marie Curie is known as Curie electrometer. For examination of the radiations through uranium she used two parallel plate condenser, one plate is covered with uniform layer of uranium and other plate covered with sample.
She applied the potential difference of 100 volt and studied the conductance of air influence of the sample by using electrometer. The following table appears as a result of her examination:_ This table shows that the substance which consist more uranium shows more conductance in air and the substance contain less amount of uranium atom show the less conductance of air. The experiment also proved that uranium emits the radiations whether it’s in molecular form, salt form, atomic form or any other form. These radiations are not depends on the structure of atom like X rays so these rays are not X rays. Marie Curie named this phenomena as RADIOACTIVITY. And this was the beginning of Nuclear physics.
everyday life, including its use in luminous paint to create watches that would glow in the dark, led to the discovery of radiation poisoning. Marie died in 1934 from aplastic anemia, likely caused by her exposure to radiation. The pair's laboratory notes are still radioactive and have to be stored in lead boxes, and Marie's coffin was lined with lead. In 1903, Marie and Pierre Curie shared the noble prize in physics with Becquerel for “the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena.” The common historical unit for radioactivity is the Curie , in honor of the pair. The Becquerel is now the SI derived unit of radioactivity. NOBEL PRIZE Marie Curie was the first person ever who received two Nobel prizes in two different sciences, and was first women to receive Nobel Prize. In 1896 the radioactivity was discovered by Henri Becquerel and it inspired Marie Curie and Pierre Curie for further investigation of radioactivity. They observed that many substances and minerals have signs of radioactivity. They examined that uranium oxide was more radioactive than uranium and it must have other radioactive substances. In this way they managed to discover two unknown elements, polonium and radium, and these both elements were more radioactive than uranium. On the behalf of this contribution she got her first Nobel Prize in 1903 in physics , shared with her husband Pierre Curie. After the discovery of radioactive elements polonium and radium, Marie continued her work to investigate the properties of these newly discovered elements. In 1910 she succeeded in producing radium as a pure metal, and it proved the existence of new element without any doubt. She also jotted down the properties of the radioactive elements and their compounds. After this, radioactive compounds became the important source of radiation in both scientific experimentation and medicine, where they are being used to cure tumors. On the behalf of another contribution she got her second Nobel Prize in 1911 in chemistry. Death: During world war Marie with her daughter Irene helped the army with the X-rays which located bullets for the surgeons. She extremely worked on radioactive materials and radiations. Due to this she diseased to blood problem and died in 1934.
