Life Cycle Assessment of In-Person, Virtual, and Hybrid Academic Conferences, Thesis of English Literature

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Summary Essay Revision Tanya Patel Tiffin University ENG141: Rhetoric & Intro Research Writing Professor Daniel Filipkowski 03/31/

In summary, Life cycle assessment of in-person, virtual, and hybrid academic conferences: Now evidence and perspectives This study contributes to the debates on the environmental impacts of academic conferences by comparing the life cycle of a sample of real-world in-person, virtual, and hybrid conferences with different features and organizers. As a result, virtual formats reduce impacts by two to three orders of magnitude across all impact categories (for global warming, average from 941.9 to 9 to 1.0 kg CO2 eq per person). Compared to the hybrid case study, they share 69% virtual attendance, an average 60% reduction in indicator results, and less-than-ideal cases where the farthest attendees join online. Emphasized, for in-person conferences, some never-addressed drivers were uncovered, including the energy sources and systems used to supply the vehicle or the number of non-local staff members and exhibitors. For virtual conferences, the main impact driver is the availability of time spent online by delegates, which is surprisingly more related to virtual experience design, for instance, Synchronous vs. Asynchronous presentations. The study further suggests mitigation options from the literature. It proposes new ones, such as selecting a venue supplied by a biomass-fueled district heating system or with a green electricity contract around -41 and -1.9 kg CO2 eq per person, respectively. In conclusion, Highlight some inefficiencies that affect current conferences associated with proposing new renewable energy avenues, advocating the need to shift the focus from optimizing significant energy to condensing the optimal portfolio of meetings and other activities for academic societies to meet their member’s needs while minimizing environmental impacts.

Design Statement: As I mentioned in this summary about life cycle assessment of in-person, virtual, and hybrid, this source is related to a carbon footprint of 35% because, as they explain about global warming and climate change, energy consumption infrastructure contributes to emission 20% of the total impact. Furthermore, using electricity or green electricity reduces energy consumption and prompts the community to bicycle. Stop using too much electricity and start using candles. As further, I used Grammarly for spelling and words.

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