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Maintenance of Body Fluids - Lecture Slides | SPMD 202, Study notes of Geriatrics

Eastern Michigan University (EMU)Geriatrics
Prof. William Armstrong

Material Type: Notes; Professor: Armstrong; Class: Human Physiology for Sports Me; Subject: Sports Medicine; University: Eastern Michigan University; Term: Unknown 1989;

Typology: Study notes

Pre 2010

Uploaded on 08/16/2009

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SPMD 202
Maintenance of Body Fluids
•Intracellular fluid (ICF) compartment
accounts for ~40% of total body weight.
–2/3rd of total body water
SPMD 202
Maintenance of Body Fluids
•Extracellular fluid (ECF) compartment
accounts for ~20% of total body weight.
--Includes:
--Interstitial fluids
--Plasma
--Lymph
--Cerebrospinal fluid
--Synovial fluid
SPMD 202
Maintenance of Body Fluids
•Maintenance of normal volume, solute
concentrations, and pH in the extracellular
fluid (ECF) and intracellular fluid (ICF) is
essential to our survival.
•Homeostasis is maintained by:
--fluid balance
--electrolyte balance
--acid-base balance
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Download Maintenance of Body Fluids - Lecture Slides | SPMD 202 and more Study notes Geriatrics in PDF only on Docsity!

SPMD 202

Maintenance of Body Fluids

  • Intracellular fluid (ICF) compartment accounts for ~40% of total body weight. - 2/3rd of total body water

SPMD 202

Maintenance of Body Fluids

  • Extracellular fluid (ECF) compartment accounts for ~20% of total body weight. --Includes: --Interstitial fluids --Plasma --Lymph --Cerebrospinal fluid --Synovial fluid

SPMD 202

Maintenance of Body Fluids

  • Maintenance of normal volume, solute concentrations, and pH in the extracellular fluid (ECF) and intracellular fluid (ICF) is essential to our survival.
  • Homeostasis is maintained by:

--fluid balance --electrolyte balance --acid-base balance

SPMD 202

Principles of Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

  • Homeostatic mechanisms respond to changes in composition of the ECF.
  • There are no receptors that can directly monitor fluid and electrolyte balance.
  • Cells cannot move water by active transport.
  • The content of fluids and electrolytes in the body is a balance between dietary absorption and urinary loss.

SPMD 202

Fluid Balance

  • Composition of ICF is substantially different than that of ECF: --due to selective permeability of the cell membranes.
  • Concentrations of molecules are dependent upon the transport processes and by electric charge differences across the cell membrane.

SPMD 202

Fluid Balance

Water movement across the cell membrane is controlled by…? osmosis Thus, net movement of water ( fluid shift ) is affected by changes in concentrations of solutes in ICF and ECF. W HAT HAPPENS WITH DEHYDRATION??

SPMD 202

Electrolyte Balance

POTASSIUM

  • concentration must be maintained within a very narrow range. WHY?? --resting membrane potential
  • Aldosterone increases K +^ secretion in the distal tubule and collecting duct.

SPMD 202

Electrolyte Balance

CALCIUM

  • regulated within a narrow range

--normally, ~9.4 mg/100 ml --major symptoms develop outside a range of 6-12 mg/100 ml

SPMD 202

Electrolyte Balance

CALCIUM

  • Hypercalcemia decreases permeability of cell membrane to Na +^ , thus preventing normal polarization of nerve and muscle cells.
  • can also result in deposition of calcium carbonate salts in soft tissues, resulting in irritation and inflammation of tissues.

SPMD 202

Electrolyte Balance

CALCIUM

  • Hypocalcemia increases the permeability of the cell membrane to Na+^ , causing the muscle and nerve tissues to undergo spontaneous action potential generation.

SPMD 202

Electrolyte Balance

CALCIUM

  • maintained by kidneys, intestinal tract, and bone.
  • Parathyroid Hormone --↑↑↑↑ extracellular Ca2+^ and (^) ↓↓↓↓ extracellular PO 3 3– --increases osteoclast activity (affect?) --increases Ca 2+^ reabsorption by nephron --stimulates active Vitamin D production

SPMD 202

Electrolyte Balance

CALCIUM

  • Vitamin D stimulates Ca2+^ absorption in the intestines
  • Calcitonin --decreases extracellular Ca2+^ levels --inhibits osteoclasts and prolongs the activity of osteoblasts (↓↓↓↓ demineralization and ↑↑↑↑ mineralization)