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Maine Coastal Erosion and Hazards: Long-Term and Short-Term Impacts, Summaries of Geology

This document, authored by Maine State Marine Geologist Stephen M. Dickson, provides an overview of coastal erosion and hazards in Maine. both long-term and short-term erosion, including rates of erosion, causes, and examples of significant storms. The document also includes data on coastal flooding and erosion events, as well as examples of erosion damage and redevelopment.

What you will learn

  • How much property damage has coastal flooding and erosion caused in Maine?
  • How fast is some Maine beaches eroding?
  • What causes short-term beach erosion in Maine?
  • What causes long-term beach erosion in Maine?
  • What are some examples of significant coastal storms in Maine?

Typology: Summaries

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Maine Coastal Erosion and
Hazards
Stephen M. Dickson, Ph.D.
State Marine Geologist
Maine Geological Survey
Department of Conservation
Augusta, Maine
October 2004
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Maine Coastal Erosion and

Hazards

Stephen M. Dickson, Ph.D.

State Marine Geologist

Maine Geological Survey

Department of Conservation

Augusta, Maine

October 2004

Long-Term Beach Erosion

Erosion is a consequence of shoreline recession - the inland

migration of the shoreline. Not all Maine beaches are eroding.

Long-term erosion results from gradual changes in the local

beach sand budget and sea level.

Many beaches are eroding 1 foot per year.

Some beaches have eroded up to 3 feet per year.

S. M. Dickson, 1986

1978 Winter Storms

Coastal erosion, wave action, and flooding in January and

February blizzards cause $47M in Maine property damage.

Storm Surge at Portland

  1. 4.3 feet March 3, 1947
  2. 4.1 feet March 1, 1914
  3. 3.9 feet Dec. 14, 1917
  4. 3.6 feet Dec. 19, 1972
  5. 3.5 feet Oct. 30, 1991 (Perfect Storm)
  6. 3.5 feet Feb. 7, 1978 (Blizzard; 10-yr surge)
  7. 3.5 feet Nov. 26, 1950
  8. 3.3 feet Aug. 31, 1954 (Hurricane Carol)
  9. 3.2 feet Dec. 2, 1942
  10. 3.1 feet Mar. 16, 1956

Data courtesy of the National Weather Service.

Coastal Flooding & Erosion Events

Storm Rank by Surge Amount

Flood Height (feet above MTL)

Surge

Tide

Mean Sea Level

- MHW -

1978 Blizzard

1954 Hurricane Carol

S. M. Dickson, MGS

Coastal Erosion Damage - 1976

1976 beach erosion at Hunnewell Beach, Phippsburg

Erosion undermines homes at Hunnewell Beach, Phippsburg

J. T. Kelley, 1976

L. K. Fink, 1976

Erosion Damage – 1986 & 1990

Erosion undermines homes at Camp Ellis Beach in Saco

2 1

S. M. Dickson,

1

2

S. M. Dickson, 1990

Erosion Damage – Camp Ellis

Erosion destroyed a seawall and house at Camp Ellis

Beach in Saco (in the 1990s).

2

S. M. Dickson

Erosion Damage - 1991

This building was relocated landward in a frontal dune after seawall failure and storm damage.

S. M. Dickson, 1991

Erosion Damage – Popham 1983

Undermined and threatened by erosion, 2 homes retreat and elevate.

S. M. Dickson, 1989

J. T. Kelley, 1983