Madeleine Leininger cultural care Theory, Slides of Nursing

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Cultural

Care

Theory

MADELEINE

LEININGER

Aaron Phillips Anna Ingersoll Caitlin Buren Niki DeWall

 Deciding how to care for a patient requires looking at the patient as a whole person from physiological, psychological, spiritual, and social perspective, it’s also important to consider the patients culture and cultural background.

INTRODUCTION

 Madeleine Leininger believed nursing values revolved around being caring and knowing what it was to care. Leininger discusses what it is to care in her theory. You must understand what it is to care in order to provide culturally congruent and competent treatment.

PHILOSOPHIC VALUES/KNOWLEDGE

 Leininger proposed that there are three modes for

guiding nurses judgments, decisions, or action in order

to provide appropriate, beneficial, and meaningful care:

preservation and/or maintenance; accommodation and/or

negotiation; and re-patterning and/or restructuring. The

modes have influenced nursing and the ability to

provide culturally congruent nursing care, as well as

fostering culturally-competent nurses.

INFLUENCES

 “Each person is unique and different from all other persons” (Chitty & Black, p. 275). Some personal cultural factors to consider in the healthcare industry:

• The male figure may be the dominant person in making medical decisions
• Illness may be viewed as bad fortune or punishment
• Eye contact may be disrespectful
• A language barrier may exist
• The concept of time may vary

HUMAN BEING

 Leninger ’s cultural theory relates

to an individual because it

involves planning individualized

nursing care around a patient’s

values and beliefs. Nurses

should, “realize that cultural

norms must be included in the

plan of care to prevent conflicts

between nursing goals and

patient/family goals” (Chitty &

Black, p.234).

HUMAN BEING CONTINUED

 “Health practices are culturally determined and include nutritional habits, type and amount of exercise and rest, how one copes with stress, quality of interpersonal relationships, expression of spirituality, and numerous other lifestyle factors” (Chitty & Black, p.284). Some cultural beliefs relating to a person’s health may include :

• The consumption of certain foods, such as onion or garlic, to prevent illness
• The use of healers and/or rituals
• The use of folk or traditional medicines
• The degree of importance with taking medicine
• A person’s diet and level of physical activity
• Accepting blood products and other treatments

HEALTH

Leininger’s theory relates to one’s health because a person’s culture can impact the way they seek medical care, how they react to their illness, and how they respond to treatment (Quan, n.d.).

HEALTH CONTINUED

Leininger’s theory is associated with the nursing practice because in order to provide good nursing care, the nurse, “…recognizes each individual’s unique needs and tailors the plan of nursing care to take that uniqueness into consideration” (Chitty & Black, p.277).

NURSING CONTINUED

 As healthcare providers it is easy to interpret an individuals

actions, not knowing whether your observation/opinion is

right.

 As the “sunrise model” states, in order to reach and maintain

balance, there are several key factors that play a role. To

reach Culture Care (worldview), it must start with

Culturally Congruent Care for the health/well being on an

individual. From there it takes several steps, all of them

being important to eventually reach the ultimate goal of

worldview Cultural Care.

INTERPRETATION & INFERENCE

 According to Chitty and Black, Jan the nurse, experienced first hand how a cultural barrier negatively impacted her patient and family to the point that they no longer wanted her services and requested a new nurse. This all could have been avoided had Jan known it was considered rude to decline an offer.  Cultural barriers happen all to often while patient’s are at the hospital. Some religions do not allow blood products, while others believe having a spiritual leader at their bedside chanting while the patient is actively dying, does something for their spirit. We as nurses and healthcare providers are not to judge, but to accept and accommodate these differences.  Once we accept cultural differences and adapt our methods to suit their cultural beliefs, we will have successfully transitioned into Transcultural Care.

CONSEQUENCES

 The theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality began to be developed in the mid-1950’s.

• Cultural factors and humanistic care in nursing were the major missed dimensions in nursing practices—especially evident in working with children from different cultures.  Culturally based care was absent with the nursing and other staff members, and only physical and emotional needs of the clients were considered.

CLARIFICATION OF ORIGINS

(Fawcett, 2002)

 The Cultural Care Theory covers all four Global

Concepts:

 human being, environment, health, and nursing.

 Madeleine Leininger does not specifically discuss

global concepts in her theory, but her theory is

applicable to each concept.

 Our country continues to become more culturally

diverse and the Cultural Care Theory is more relevant

than ever before.

 The Cultural Care Theory may be utilized at the bedside

or in a broader aspect such as public health.

CULTURAL CARE THEORY

D OES IT AD EQU ATELY D ESC R IBE TH E FOU R GL OBAL

C ON C EPTS?