Lymphatic*System*&*Immunity
Chapter*14*Lecture*
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The Lymphatic System: Structure, Function, and Defenses, Study notes of Physiology
An in-depth exploration of the lymphatic system, including its structure, function, and the various defenses it employs against infections. Topics covered include the right lymphatic duct, lymph formation, lymph nodes, the thymus and spleen, and innate and adaptive immune defenses.
Typology: Study notes
2009/2010
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Lymphatic System & Immunity
Chapter 14 Lecture
The Lymphatic System
Lymphatic System
± Functions to:
Drain excess interstitial fluid Transport dietary lipids ( i.e. lacteals ) Defend the body against disease-‐causing agents ( immunity )
± Consists of:
Network of vessels that transport fluids Cells and chemicals that travel in the fluids Glands and organs that produce the cells/chemicals
Lymphatic Pathways
Lymphatic Capillaries
± ClosedȂended tubes
± Composed of simple squamous epithelium
± Extend into the interstitial spaces
Run parallel to the capillary networks
± Fluid traveling through the lymphatic capillaries is termed
lymph
Lymphatic Pathways
Lymphatic Trunks & Collecting Ducts
± Drain lymph from the lymphatic vessels
± Join one of two collecting ducts:
1) Thoracic duct ± Receives lymph from the lower limbs, abdominal regions, left upper limb, and left side of the thorax, head, and neck
2) Right lymphatic duct ± Receives lymph from the right side of the head and neck, right upper limb, and right thorax
± From the collecting ducts lymph drains into venous blood
Lymph moves into the R and L subclavian veins
Tissue Fluid & Lymph
Tissue fluid becomes lymph when it enters a lymphatic
capillary
Tissue fluid formation
± Tissue fluid originates from blood plasma
Pressure at the arteriole end of a capillary forces fluid out of the blood capillaries ± This becomes tissue fluid!
Consistency is very similar to blood plasma (minus some plasma proteins)
Tissue Fluid & Lymph
Tissue fluid becomes lymph when it enters a
lymphatic capillary
Lymph formation
± Filtration from the plasma typically exceeds reabsorption
Excess fluid drains into the lymphatic vessels, becoming lymph
± Important Role of Lymph:
Returns lost plasma proteins to the blood
± Edema Ȃ excessive accumulation of tissue fluid in
interstitial spaces
Lymph Nodes
Lymph Nodes
± Contain lymphocytes and macrophages
± Structure
Encapsulated in connective tissue ± CT divides the node into lymphatic nodules
Blood vessels and nerves join at the hilum
Afferent vessels enter at various points
Efferent vessels exit from the hilum
Lymph Nodes
Lymph Nodes
± Location
Occur in chains along the larger lymphatic vessels
± Functions
Filter lymph ± Lymphocytes respond to pathogens in two ways: » Cell-‐mediated immunity (T cells) » Antibody-‐mediated immunity (B cells)
Site of lymphocyte production ± What other tissue produces lymphocytes?