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An in-depth exploration of the lymphatic system, including its structure, function, and the various defenses it employs against infections. Topics covered include the right lymphatic duct, lymph formation, lymph nodes, the thymus and spleen, and innate and adaptive immune defenses.
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Drain excess interstitial fluid Transport dietary lipids ( i.e. lacteals ) Defend the body against disease-‐causing agents ( immunity )
Network of vessels that transport fluids Cells and chemicals that travel in the fluids Glands and organs that produce the cells/chemicals
Run parallel to the capillary networks
1) Thoracic duct ± Receives lymph from the lower limbs, abdominal regions, left upper limb, and left side of the thorax, head, and neck
2) Right lymphatic duct ± Receives lymph from the right side of the head and neck, right upper limb, and right thorax
Lymph moves into the R and L subclavian veins
Pressure at the arteriole end of a capillary forces fluid out of the blood capillaries ± This becomes tissue fluid!
Consistency is very similar to blood plasma (minus some plasma proteins)
Excess fluid drains into the lymphatic vessels, becoming lymph
Returns lost plasma proteins to the blood
Encapsulated in connective tissue ± CT divides the node into lymphatic nodules
Blood vessels and nerves join at the hilum
Afferent vessels enter at various points
Efferent vessels exit from the hilum
Occur in chains along the larger lymphatic vessels
Filter lymph ± Lymphocytes respond to pathogens in two ways: » Cell-‐mediated immunity (T cells) » Antibody-‐mediated immunity (B cells)
Site of lymphocyte production ± What other tissue produces lymphocytes?