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Anatomy and Physiology of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems, Quizzes of Physiology

Definitions and terms related to the structure and functions of the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems. Topics include the heart, its chambers, actions, and sounds, as well as the conduction system and parts of the electrocardiogram. Additionally, the document covers the functions and components of the lymphatic system, including lymph nodes and their locations.

Typology: Quizzes

2009/2010

Uploaded on 03/19/2010

wcgray78
wcgray78 🇺🇸

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TERM 1
Systemic Circuit
DEFINITION 1
Delivers oxygen to all body cells and carries away waste
TERM 2
Pulmonary Circuit
DEFINITION 2
Eliminates carbon Dioxide via the lungs and oxygenates the
blood.
TERM 3
Epicardium
DEFINITION 3
serous membrane of connective tissue covered with
epithelium and blood capillaries, lymph capillaries, and nerve
fibers. Forms a protective outer covering; secretes serous
fluid.
TERM 4
Myocardium
DEFINITION 4
Cardiac muscle tissue separated by connective tissues and
including capillaries, lymph capillaries, and nerve fibers.
Contracts to pump blood from the heart chambers.
TERM 5
Endocardium
DEFINITION 5
Membrane of epithelium and underlying connective tissue,
including vessels and specialized muscle fibers. Forms a
protective inner lining of the chambers and valves.
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Systemic Circuit

Delivers oxygen to all body cells and carries away waste TERM 2

Pulmonary Circuit

DEFINITION 2 Eliminates carbon Dioxide via the lungs and oxygenates the blood. TERM 3

Epicardium

DEFINITION 3 serous membrane of connective tissue covered with epithelium and blood capillaries, lymph capillaries, and nerve fibers. Forms a protective outer covering; secretes serous fluid. TERM 4

Myocardium

DEFINITION 4 Cardiac muscle tissue separated by connective tissues and including capillaries, lymph capillaries, and nerve fibers. Contracts to pump blood from the heart chambers. TERM 5

Endocardium

DEFINITION 5 Membrane of epithelium and underlying connective tissue, including vessels and specialized muscle fibers. Forms a protective inner lining of the chambers and valves.

RIGHT Atrium

Receives blood from Inferior vena cava Superior vena cava Coronary sinus TERM 7

RIGHT Ventricle

DEFINITION 7 Receives blood from right atrium TERM 8

LEFT Atrium

DEFINITION 8 Receives blood from pulmonary veins TERM 9

LEFT Ventricle

DEFINITION 9 Receives blood from left atrium TERM 10

Path of Blood Through the Heart (Systemic

Circuit)

DEFINITION 10 Blood from Systemic Circuit Venae Cavae Right Atrium (through tricuspid valve) Right Ventricle (through pulmonary valve) Pulmonary Trunk Pulmonary Arteries Alveolar Capillaries (lungs) Pulmonary Veins Left Atrium (through mitral valve) Left Ventricle (through aortic valve) Aorta Blood to Systemic Circuit

Blood Vessels

Arteries *Carry blood away from ventricles of heart Arterioles *Receive blood from arteries *Cary blood to capillaries Capillaries *Sites of exchange of substances between blood and body cells Venules *Receive blood from capillaries Veins *Carry blood toward ventricle of heart TERM 17

Capillaries

DEFINITION 17 Smallest diameter blood vessels Extensions of inner lining of arterioles Walls are endothelium only Semipermeable Sinusoids leaky capillaries TERM 18

Exchange in

Capillaries

DEFINITION 18 Water and other substances leave capillaries because of net outward pressure at the capillaries arteriolar ends Water enters capillaries venular ends because of a net inward pressure Substances move in and out along the length of the capillaries according to their respective concentration gradients TERM 19

Venule

DEFINITION 19 Thinner wall than arteriole Less smooth muscle and elastic tissue than arteriole TERM 20

Veins

DEFINITION 20 Thinner wall than artery Three layers to wall but middle layer is poorly developed Some have flaplike valves Carries blood under relatively low pressure Serves as blood reservoir Largest amount of blood volume stored is stored in the venous side of the body

Venous Blood Flow

Not a direct result of heart action Dependent on: Skeletal muscle contraction Breathing Venoconstriction TERM 22

Central Venous Pressure

DEFINITION 22 Pressure in the right atrium Factors that influence it alter flow of blood into the right atrium Affects pressure within the peripheral veins Weakly beating heart increases central venous pressure Increase in central venous pressure causes blood to back up into peripheral vein TERM 23

Lymphatic System

DEFINITION 23 Network of vessels that assist in circulating fluids Closely associated with the cardiovascular system Transports excess fluid away from interstitial spaces Transports fluid to the bloodstream Transports fats to bloodstream Help defend the body against diseases TERM 24

Lymphatic

Capillaries

DEFINITION 24 Microscopic Closed-ended tubes In interstitial spaces of most tissues TERM 25

Lymphatic Vessels

DEFINITION 25 Walls are similar but thinner than those of veins Composed of three layers Endothelial lining (inner) Smooth muscle (middle) Connective tissue (outer) Larger vessels lead to lymph nodes and then to larger lymphatic trunks

Locations of Lymph Nodes

Cervical region Axillary region Supratrochlear region Inguinal region Pelvic cavity Abdominal cavity Thoracic cavity TERM 32

Thymus

DEFINITION 32 Small in an adult Site of T lymphocyte production Secretes thymosins TERM 33

Spleen

DEFINITION 33 Largest lymphatic organ Located in upper left abdominal quadrant Sinuses filled with blood Contains two tissue types White pulp lymphocytes Red pulp Red blood cells Lymphocytes Macrophages TERM 34

Body Defenses Against Infection

DEFINITION 34 Pathogen *Disease causing agent *Bacteria, viruses, complex microorganisms, spores of multicellular organisms Innate defenses *General defenses *Protects against many pathogens Adaptive defenses *Immunity *More specific *Carried out by lymphocytes TERM 35

T-Cells

DEFINITION 35 Secrete lymphokines Help activate T cells Cause T cell proliferation Activate cytotoxic T cells Stimulate leukocyte production Stimulate B cells to mature Activate macrophages Secrete toxins that kill cells Secrete growth-inhibiting factors Secrete interferon Cellular immune response

B-Cells

Differentiate into plasma cells *Produce antibodies Humoral immune response TERM 37

T Cells and Cellular Immune Response

DEFINITION 37 Requires antigen-presenting cell Requires MHC antigens Types of T cells Helper T cells Cytotoxic T cells Memory T cells TERM 38

Antibody Actions

DEFINITION 38 Direct Attack *Type of effect Agglutination Antigens clump Precipitation Antigens become insoluble Neutralization Antigens lose toxic properties TERM 39

Antibody Actions

DEFINITION 39 Activation of Complement (presence of antibodies combined with antigens) Type of effect Opsonization Alters antigen cell membranes so cells are more susceptible to phagocytosis Chemotaxis Attracts macrophages and neutrophils into the region Agglutination Clumping of antigen-bearing cells Lysis Allows rapid movement of water and ions into the foreign cell causing osmotic rupture of the foreign cell Neutralization Altering the molecular structure of viruses making them harmless TERM 40

Antibody Actions

DEFINITION 40 Type of effect Inflammation Helps prevent the spread of antigens

Type IV

Delayed-reaction allergy Results from repeated exposure to allergen Eruptions and inflammation of the skin Takes about 48 hours to occur TERM 47

Tissue Rejection Reaction

DEFINITION 47 Resembles cellular immune response against antigens Important to match MHC antigens Immunosuppressive drugs used to prevent rejection