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Download LSUS MBA 704 Chapter 7-8 Exam Questions And 100% Correct Answers 2025 and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
Positive Psychology - Correct Answer *Concerned with optimal human functioning rather than pathological human functioning Three Levels of Positive Psychology - Correct Answer °Valued subjective experiences --Related to the past, present, and future ---Examples: contentment, happiness, and hope *Positive individual traits ---Examples: courage, forgiveness, and wisdom *Civic virtue ----Move individuals toward better citizenship ----Examples: altruism and work ethic *Positive Organizational Behavior (POB) - Correct Answer Different than positive psychology Based on theory and research Use of valid, reliable measures State-like and open to development Concerned with workplace and how to improve human performance Happiness or Level of Positivity - Correct Answer *About 50% determined by genetics *About 10% determined by life circumstances eAbout 40% determined by intentional activity Self-efficacy evaluations come before outcome expectancies are considered *Locus of control focused on action-outcome attributions while self-efficacy focused on individual beliefs related to task performance eImpact of Self-Efficacy - Correct Answer *Choice—selection based on level of self-efficacy *Motivational effort—people try harder on tasks with high self- efficacy *Perseverance—high self-efficacy helps people bounce back *Facilitative thought patterns—high self-efficacy related to positive self-talk *Vulnerability to stress—high self-efficacy related to more assurance *Sources of Efficacy - Correct Answer «Performance accomplishments—most powerful source *Observation and modeling behaviors of others *Social persuasion or support from respected, competent peers «Physiological or psychological state eImplications of Efficacy - Correct Answer Positive impact on work-related performance *Significant contribution to selection of human resources *Optimists expect good things to happen to them *Explanatory Styles of Optimism and Pessimism - Correct Answer *Pessimists—own fault, last long time, undermine everything *Optimists—not their fault, temporary, limited effect *Optimism Issues - Correct Answer «Possible that people may be optimistic and pessimistic *Pessimists can learn the skills to be an optimist *Optimistic behavior may be linked to unrealistic goals *Hope - Correct Answer «Consists of both willpower goal directed energy and waypower planning to meet goals *Related to positive work behavior in stressful professions *Higher-hope entrepreneurs more satisfied with business ownership *Resilience - Correct Answer *Reactive rather than proactive *Capacity to rebound or bounce back from adversity, conflict, failure or even positive events, progress and increased responsibility *Resiliency important for organizations as well *Psychological Capital (PsyCap) Development - Correct Answer *Goes beyond economic, social, and human capital An individual's positive psychological state of development characterized by having self-efficacy, optimism, hope, and resiliency SWB - Correct Answer people's affective (moods and emotions) and cognitive evaluations of their lives Often known as happiness *Research Conclusions - Correct Answer sHappiness is a process, not a place *There is an optimal level of happiness *Happiness related to health and longevity, relationships, and effectiveness at work *People who are satisfied with their lives tend to find more satisfaction in their work *Emotional Intelligence (El) - Correct Answer «The capacity for recognizing our own feelings and those of others, for motivating ourselves, and for managing emotions well in ourselves and in our relationships eMajor El Dimensions - Correct Answer *Self-awareness: having knowledge of true feelings *Self-management: handling one's own emotions *Self-motivation: overcoming negative emotions to stay on course eEmpathy: understanding and being sensitive to other's feelings *Social skills: having ability to read social situations *Emotions and Intelligence - Correct Answer *Emotion at work has a lot to do with whether goals are met or not characteristics of the environment through which the human verbal and nonverbal messages are transmitted *Also known as the "silent language" Body Language - Correct Answer efacial expressions and what people do with their eyes, feet, hands, and posture Time - Correct Answer ebeing late or early Space - Correct Answer show close one gets during a conversation or seating Paralanguage - Correct Answer voice quality, tone, volume, speech rate (verbalization of nonverbal cues) *Interpretation of Nonverbal Behavior - Correct Answer «Notice what is happening at the moment *Examine the mismatch between nonverbal and verbal behavior *Watch for subtleties in nonverbal behavior (e.g. difference between real and fake smile) *Cross-Cultural Communication - Correct Answer eLatin America—close proximity *Australia—no thumbs up *France and Germany—promptness ¢ltaly—handshakes for all *Spain—late dinners *Feedback - Correct Answer *Feedback makes communication a two-way process *Effective Feedback Characteristics - Correct Answer «Intention and Specificity ---Directed toward improvement with specific steps on how to get better *Description and Usefulness - Correct Answer *Objective performance information, not critical judgments *Timeliness and Readiness - Correct Answer «Given immediately and to employees ready to receive it Clarity and Validity - Correct Answer «Easily understood by the employee and accurate information *Generation X and Y Communication Suggestions - Correct Answer *X= less face to face meetings; Y= integrated use of social networks *Generation X and Y Communication Suggestions - Correct Answer *X= more telecommuting; Y= less focus on desk time and more on productivity «Communication Flows - Correct Answer *Downward—between managers and employees Upward - Correct Answer *between managers and top managers above them in the organization Horizontal - Correct Answer between employees at same level across organization informal organization - Correct Answer Primary method of interactive communication Hallway Communication: --Takes away sense of hierarchy --Makes participants seem more equal --Invites different people to join in with multiple perspectives *Grapevine - Correct Answer *Also known as the rumor mill *Can be much faster than the formal communication system Information difficult to manage *May promote personal goals that are not compatible with organizational goals *Decision Making - Correct Answer «Process of choosing between alternatives *Three Major Phases (Simon) - Correct Answer «Intelligence, Design, and Choice Activities eldentify conditions needing decision making, identify and analyze courses of action, and select course of action *Stages of Decision Making (Mintzberg) - Correct Answer eldentification --Recognition of the problem *Development --Search for previous solution or design of new solution *Selection --Selection of preferred solution 
