Download LSU GEOG 2051--- FINAL NEW MATERIAL with 100% correct answers 2025 latest update.docx and more Exams Biology in PDF only on Docsity!
LSU GEOG 2051--- FINAL NEW
MATERIAL with 100% correct
answers 2025 latest update
Cryosphere - answer frozen world; permafrost Global Energy Balance - answer Inputs: Solar energy from the sun Outputs: long wave radiation that the earth is constantly giving off heat. Climate History - answer Global temperatures were very constant and colder than today; ice age- cold period; quaternary period- temperatures began to get colder and colder; glacial periods-ice sheet form; interglacial period- temperatures warm and ice melts Holocene - answer Current interglacial period Milankocitch Cycles - answer Orbit (every 100000 years) Axis Tilt ( 40000 yrs) Axis direction (26000 years) Glaciers - answer massive sheets of ice covering most of Canada and north united states; 2 miles thick; Mostly 90% found in antarctia; 8-9 in greenland; remaining scattered around on high mountain peaks Firn Granules - answer snow packed together very thickly; welded together to form glacial ice
Snowline - answer elevation in which the temperature is cold enough for some snow to exist on them year-round. Accumulation Zone - answer add material to the zone line; above the snowline Ablation Zone - answer loss materials; outputs called meltwater; below snowline advancing glacier - answer positive budget; inputs are larger than outputs; storage increases retreating glacier - answer Negative budget; outputs are larger than inputs; storage decreases Stagnant Glacier - answer balanced budget; inputs equal outputs Internal Deformation - answer bending of ice crystals within plastic zone; one factor that Basal Slip - answer bottom of glacier where ice is melted and acts as a lubricant for glacier movement Glacial Surge - answer glacier with leap forward as movement extremely rapid; 10-100's meters in few days Rate of Movement Glacial - answer extremely slow; meters per year Glacial Plucking (erosion) - answer glacier flows over obstruction (large bedrock) as its moving up obstruction there's a tremendous amount of pressure that produces a lot of water as moving down obstruction pressure releases and water refreezes; as refreezes the ice sticks to obstruction and as it moves it plucks as obstruction/land
Medial Moraine - answer Two glacier have merged that form larger glacier; in center Till - answer mixture jumbled material from huge boulders to small clay size pebbles; materials that is laid down directly by melted out glacier Stratified drift - answer sorted by grain size evenly; glacial sediments that have been laid down by meltwater; layers Outwash plain - answer area beyond glacier reach that has been affected by melt water; very large in size; create a till deposit Esker - answer narrow ridges that wind back and forth; similar to meandering river of water Kames - answer irregular shaped hills; occur in large groups; made of mixture of Till Kettles - answer small depressions that contain water, inside out origin, created when sediment is deposited around a chunk of glacial ice, once the ice melts you are left with a kettle lake (holes created when ice breaks off) Drumlin - answer stream lined hills, depositional features, formed of sediment that is laid down underneath the base of glaciers and as glacial ice flows over sediment it is formed into groups, swarms of drumlins Roche montonee - answer formed by erosional processes, carved into bedrock, sediment abrades the glacial material Continuous permafrost - answer (found everywhere, very thick)- special, usually found further North, occurs at highest latitudes with coldest temperatures
Discontinuous Permafrost - answer found in warmer environments where you do not find permafrost everywhere) - where the permafrost is broken up and scattered in space; more and more patched, lower latitudes Talik - answer an unfrozen area in the continuous permafrost zone; they are continuous with water bodies; unfrozen water down at the bottom keeps the underlying ground from freezing; the ice on the top of the body of water acts like an insulator and keeps the water warmer. Acts as a blanket and prevents ground from getting cold Active layer - answer the top layer of the permafrost that thaws out during the summertime, less than ½ meter thick. Gets thicker as you more towards the South Block fields - answer jagged, angular rock, freezing water causes rock to expand and crack -Cryoturbation - answer large rock expands and part of it breaks off and falls underneath the ground and the rock is eventually pushed up and causes the patterned group Pingos - answer ice core hills; water accumulates and freezes and pushed landforms up into hill; looks similar to small volcanos Patterned ground - answer ice wedge polygons, on surface of the ground, under laid by an ice wedge, from growth to expansion of ice, coming in Periglacial environments Ice wedge - answer small crack in the ground, water trickles into the crack, when the water freezes, it expands and enlarges the crack and continues to repeat this cycle with more water trickling down, ultimately forms an ice wedge Biogeography - answer areas where life exists Ecology - answer nature of organisms and the way they exist
10% Rule - answer Some energy is lost and degraded into non-useful forms; energy that is lost at each trophic level, on average is 10% of the energy consumed at one trophic level is passed onto the next trophic level Every time energy is used, it is broken down and only a portion of the energy consumed is used On average energy consumed by each trophic level; only 10% of the total energy they consume is passed on to the next trophic level Macronutrients - answer nutrients that organisms need in massive amounts to maintain life; carbon, oxygen, etc. Micronutrients - answer needed in tiny quantities, multi-vitamins, could be poisonous in large quantities; zinc, baron, copper Biogeochemical Cycles - answer Pathways that nutrient follow as they are shifted between reservoirs Carbon Cycle - answer among reservoirs in the cycle we have carbon stored in the atmosphere, the ocean, biosphere, lithosphere, etc. Stored as gas, oil and coal. Human Influence Carbon Cycle - answer Burning fossil Fuels Nitrogen Cycle - answer most common gas in the atmosphere; the most common form is N2. Most living organisms need nitrogen in the form of nitrites and nitrates (nitrogen atom with some oxygen) Bioaccumulation - answer refers to the buildup of toxic materials in the tissues of an organism; usually in the fatty tissues (Vitamin A); dangerous
Biomagnification - answer "you are what you eat" and "you are what the organism that you eat ate"; anything that gets absorbed moves up the food chian Population - answer a number of members of a specific species Symbiotic Relationships - answer organisms are living together and one or both of the organisms are getting benefits from the others. Community - answer a number of different species who share a portion of the environment Habitat - answer abiotic and nonliving surrounding of an organism (Ex: where it lives, sleeps, hunts) Niche - answer the function or the role an organism plays in an ecosystem (Ex: where it is in the food web, what it relies on and what relies on it) Competitive Exclusion Principle - answer states if two organisms are trying to occupy the same niche then they are incompetence with each other (Ex: Zebra mussels) Mutualism - answer both organisms are gaining benefits/advantages Ex: crocodile and bird; sea anemone and fish Parasitism - answer one organism is benefiting while the other is hurting Ex: Mosquitos and people; mosquitos feed off our blood; we get nothing but a bite Tolerance - answer range of environmental conditions that an organism can survive; temperature, moisture, food availability
