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LSEB M1 Human Development Exam With Complete Solutions
human development the scientific study of patterns of change that continue throughout people's lives
developmental scientists professionals who study science of human development
growth
- quantitative changes
- progresses in chronological age, stops at a certain point
- physical changes: size, height, weight
development
- progressive series of changes
- leads to maturation
- quantitative and qualitative changes - physical, cognitive, social, emotional
- takes place until death
goal of development
- to enable people to adapt to their environment
- self-actualization is essential
- total fulfillment of one ’ s talents and potential
1-5 principles of human development
- Development involves change.
- Early development is more critical than later development.
- Development is the product of maturation and learning.
- The development pattern is predictable.
- The developmental pattern has predictable characteristics.
6-10 principles of human development
- There are individual differences in development.
- There are social expectations for every developmental period.
- Each phase of human development has hazards.
- Development is affected by cultural changes.
- Development is aided by stimulation.
4 types of changes in development
- size
- proportions
- disappearance of old features (physical and mental)
- acquisition of new features (body hair, interest in sex, etc)
implications of a permissive training method lack sense of responsibility, poor emotional control, underachieving
implications of a democratic or slightly authoritative training method? better social control
maturation unfolding of characteristics potentially present in individual
learning dev. that comes from exercise and effort
phylogenetic functions functions common to the human race (creeping, sitting walking)
ontogenetic functions functions specific to individual (writing, driving, swimming)
ways in which an individual learns
- imitation
- identification
- training
stimulation encouragement and preparing the environment for the individual
2 laws of directional sequence of development cephalocaudal law and proximodistal law
cephalocaudal law head to foot (top to bottom)
proximodistal law from central body axis towards extremities (near to far)
3 conditions that affect developmental patterns
- environment or physical conditions
- psychological conditions
