Download LOW ANGLE ROPE RESCUE (LARRO) MANUAL PG 1-40 EXAM WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 100% VERIFIED!! and more Exams Advanced Education in PDF only on Docsity!
LOW ANGLE ROPE RESCUE (LARRO) MANUAL PG 1 - 40 EXAM WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 100 % VERIFIED!!
What is the definition of Low Angle Rescue? - ANSWER>>Low angle rope rescue refers to an environment in which the "on-rope" rescuers are predominately supported by the rescuers themselves and not the rope rescue system.
What is the definition of High Angle Rescue - ANSWER>>High angle rope rescue refers to an environment in which the "on-rope" rescuers are predominantly supported by the rope rescue system.
What are examples of Fall Restraint Hazards? - ANSWER>>Steep, slippery edges or slopes.
What are examples of Overhead Hazards? - ANSWER>>Loose rock (scree), soils, or other objects that present overhead hazards to personnel below.
What are examples of Vector Hazards? - ANSWER>>Snakes, spiders, and ticks.
What are examples of Poisonous Plant Hazards? - ANSWER>>Poison Oak.
What are examples of Environmental Conditions Hazards? - ANSWER>>Rain, snow, cold, and heat.
What are examples of Other Hazards? - ANSWER>>Vehicle Traffic and Water.
What is the required PPE during Rope Rescue Operations? - ANSWER>>- Fire/rescue helmet or bump cap.
- Safety boots (lace-up style with lug sole is recommended).
- Leather gloves. Long-sleeve shirt or brush fire coat.
- Long or brush fire pants.
What are the 2 types of Hauling Systems? - ANSWER>>- Inline Change of Direction What 2 general categories of equipment does exist? - ANSWER>>- Software
- Hardware What is under Software Equipment included? - ANSWER>>- Rope
- Webbing
- Prusik loops
- Commercial harnesses What is under Hardware Equipment included? - ANSWER>>- Carabiners
- Pulleys
- Anchor plates
- Descent control devices
- Mechanical rope grabs Describe the Kern (Core) of the Rescue Rope - ANSWER>>Continuous parallel fibers throughout the length of the rope.
Describe the Mantle (Sheath) of the Rescue Rope - ANSWER>>- Braided jacket
- Half of the strands have a left twist
- The other half has a right twist
- Eliminates twist when loaded
- Protects kern (core)
- 10% - 25% of the rope's strength
Specs for Low Stretch Rope - ANSWER>>- Slightly more elongation than traditional static ropes.
- Between 6% and 10% elongation at 10% of minimum breaking strength.
Specifications for Static Rope - ANSWER>>- Slightly less elongation than low stretch ropes built to the same standard.
- The rope of choice for the fire and technical rescue service.
- ½" nylon kernmantle.
- Less than 10% elongation at 10% of minimum breaking strength.
What are the characteristics of a Nylon rope? - ANSWER>>- Lighter
- Stronger
- More resistant to decay than natural fibers Loses 15% of its rated strength when wet but quickly regains that loss when dried.
What is the NFPA for the Standard on Fire Service Life Safety Rope and System Components? - ANSWER>>NFPA 1983
What is the NFPA 1983 minimum breaking strength for a 2-person load general use rope? - ANSWER>>40 kN (8,992 LBF)
What do you look for when doing a Visual Inspection of a rope? - ANSWER>>- Discoloration, possibly due to chemical contamination and/or sun exposure
- Seared marks that could have been caused by extreme friction and generation of heat - Unusually excessive wear and abrasion of sheath material
- Unusual wear
- Cuts
- Exposed core material
What do you look for in a Physical Inspection of a rope? - ANSWER>>- Soft spots
- Kinks
- Unusual lumps Inconsistent textures and flexibility Unequal diameter or thickness Excess contamination from dirt and debris
- Any of these could indicate damage to the core of the rope and may require taking a rope out of service. How to care for the Eight Plate? - ANSWER>>- Remove burrs and sharp edges with small file or emery cloth
How to clean the Eight Plate? - ANSWER>>Wipe clean with cloth
When do you retire/remove the Eight Plate from service? - ANSWER>>- Deformed
- When 15% or more of the original diameter of aluminum bars is worn away
- Cracked
- Dropped from more than head height
What sizes are Rescue Pulleys? - ANSWER>>Depends on sheave diameter
What does one check for when doing an inspection on a Rescue Pulley? - ANSWER>>- Smooth movement of side plates and sheave
- An egg shaped attachment hole, indicating the pulley has been over stressed
- The tightness of nuts and/or bolts on end of axle
How to care for a Rescue Pulley? - ANSWER>>- Remove burrs and sharp edges with small file or emery cloth
- Do not lubricate bearings or bushings
How to clean a Rescue Pulley? - ANSWER>>Clean with water and wipe dry with cloth
When do you remove/retire a Rescue Pulley from service? - ANSWER>>- Cracked side plates
What are the components of a Mechanical Grab Device? - ANSWER>>- Shell
What is the Mechanical Grab Device used for? - ANSWER>>- Ascender
How to misuse a Mechanical Grab Device? - ANSWER>>- Used as belay/safety brake
- Placed on rope incorrectly
What to look for when inspecting a Mechanical Grab Device? - ANSWER>>- Worn cam teeth
- Egg shaped holes for pin placement Holes around holes for pin placement Worn cord, cable, or chain holding pin and cam to sleeve
How to clean the Mechanical Grab Device? - ANSWER>>Clean with water and wipe dry with cloth
When do you remove/retire a Mechanical Grab Device from service? - ANSWER>>- Sleeve or cam is cracked Sleeve is deformed Holes in the sleeve are worn enough to allow the pin to slip out
- Spring or other material holding cam and pin to sleeve is broken
- Dropped from more than head height
What are the components of an Anchor Plate? - ANSWER>>- Large opening for anchor point attachment
- Multiple smaller openings for system hardware attachment
What is an Anchor Plate used for? - ANSWER>>Help organize anchor and system component rigging
- Aluminum wheels and frame
- Frames connect together in series
What to look for in the Edge Roller inspection? - ANSWER>>- Tightness of any nuts and/or bolts
- Wear on rope contact points
- Moving parts should operate smoothly.
What to look for in the Edge Guard Inspection? - ANSWER>>Extreme wear
How to clean Edge Protectors? - ANSWER>>Wash with water and dry with towel
When to remove/retire and Edge Roller from service? - ANSWER>>Rollers are bent, seized, or otherwise damaged including bent or broken frame
When to remove/retire and Edge Guard from service? - ANSWER>>Material worn through at rope contact points
What are the 5 qualities of a Rescue Knot? - ANSWER>>1. Easy to tie.
- Easy to identify if tied correctly.
- Relatively easy to untie after loading.
- Minimally reduces the strength of the rope.
- Won't work loose when not under a load.
What is the minimum tail length for a Figure Eight knots and bends in a lifeline? - ANSWER>>6"
What is the minimum tail length for a Double overhand on a bight in lifeline? - ANSWER>>2"
What is the minimum tail length for Overhand knots and bends in webbing? - ANSWER>>2"
What is the minimum tail length for Half hitches in webbing or rope? - ANSWER>>2"
What is the minimum tail length for a Double Overhand bend in prusik cordage? - ANSWER>>1"
What purpose does the Figure Eight Stopper knot serve? - ANSWER>>- Indicates the end of the rope
- Prevent rope from pulling through a system or hands
- Stops rope against a component in the system
- Foundational knot for rest of the eight family of knots
Figure Eight On a Bite knot is for - ANSWER>>- To create a safe and dependable loop in a line that will then be attached via carabiner to other system components Main lines and safety lines may be attached to the following via a figure eight on a bite: Litters. Anchors. Rescuers. Victims.
Overhand knot is for - ANSWER>>- Is used on the tail of other knots, such as the figure eight on a bight)
- Take up or secure loose or long ends in lifeline or
equal diameter ropes ends together
- Preferred knot for tying prusik loops.
What is the intended use of the Clove Hitch knot? - ANSWER>>- Secure webbing or lifeline to a round, non-trussed anchor
- Used where the hitch can be slipped over one end of an anchor
What are the Care and Storage considerations for your rope? - ANSWER>>- Stuffed into the rope bag for ease of deployment. *Do not coil.
- Rope bag keeps the rope clean and protects it from ultra violet rays
How to Clean your rope? - ANSWER>>- Wash in a standard front-loading washing machine (should be placed in a dive bag or coiled), by hand in an open tub, or commercial rope washer.
- Use cold water.
- Do not use strong detergents.
- May cause damage to the rope.
- Let air dry thoroughly, then store in rope bag.
- To prevent mildew and mold.
- Do not dry in direct sunlight. How When to Retire/Put Out of Service? - ANSWER>>- Severe sheath wear.
- Greater than one half of the outer sheath yarns are broken in one pique.
- After a severe shock force from fall or when stressed with a load in excess of the weight it was intended to support.
- Degraded by chemicals.
- Worn from activity or age.
- Examination reveals an evident defect or damage.
- Use not documented.
- The lifespan for a rope lifeline is 10 years regardless of use according to American Standards for Testing and Measures (ASTM) Standard F-1740. Most rope manufacturers and rescue teams use a 5year standard.
What is the Rope Log used for? - ANSWER>>Used for recording the usage of each rope and must be maintained.
What information is recored in the Rope Log? - ANSWER>>- Purchase date
- Manufacturer
- Size
- Length
- Whether it is high stretch (dynamic) or low stretch (static)
- Whether it is lifeline or utility grade rope (how the rope was used)
- Any unusual loading
- Whether a fall was caught
- Whether any object fell onto the rope
- What materials (i.e., sand, glass, gasoline, etc.) the rope was in contact with
webbing
- Edge will not have a seam
- Due to cost of manufacturing shuttle loom is becoming more difficult to find.
Characteristics of Needle Loom Webbing? - ANSWER>>- Formed by folding flat webbing lengthwise and stitching the two edges together
- Becoming the industry standard.
What is the Webbing construction? - ANSWER>>- Nylon
- Strong, lightweight, synthetic material.
What is the Size/Dimension of Webbing? - ANSWER>>1" width is the most common in rope rescue
What is the length of the Green Webbing? - ANSWER>>5 Feet
How long is the Yellow Webbing? - ANSWER>>12 Feet
How long is the Blue Webbing? - ANSWER>>15 Feet
How long is the Orange Webbing? - ANSWER>>20 Feet
What is the Strength of the 1" Tubular Nylon Webbing? - ANSWER>>4,000 lbs.
What is the Strength of the 1" Solid (flat) Nylon Webbing? - ANSWER>>6,000 lbs.
What special consideration exists for removing webbing from service? - ANSWER>>When weave is broken and/or the material is contaminated with petroleum products or other caustic chemicals.
What are the Component of a Load-Releasing Device? - ANSWER>>- Pre-manufactured flat webbing with D-ring at one end, a sewn loop at the other end, and a floating position D-ring in the middle of the webbing
- One general use carabiner to attach the webbing into itself.
What are the 2 main applications of a Load-Releasing Device? - ANSWER>>- Transfer the load from the belay/safety line back to the main line
- If the belay/safety line tandem prusiks become loaded
- Has some shock absorbing capacity
- Can be used for changing over from a raising system to a lowering system or from a lowering system to a raising system.
How can you misuse a Load-Releasing Device? - ANSWER>>- Releasing the device without being certain that the load can be successfully transferred to another system
- Attach backwards
- Attaching the load-releasing strap carabiner to the anchor or load
What is the construction of a Load-Releasing Device? - ANSWER>>- Webbing strap
the waist and thighs or under buttocks no matter where or how the victim is positioned
- The design allows the harness to be put on without the victim having to step into the harness
What is the service/shelf life of the harness? - ANSWER>>- Service Life: 2-3 years
What does the carabiner comprise of? - ANSWER>>- Spine
How not to use a carabiner? - ANSWER>>- Side loading
- Carabiner as a brake bar
- Dropping or throwing
- Locking nut after loading system
- Unlocking while under load
What are the types of carabiners? - ANSWER>>- Oval
- D-shape
- Modified D
- Non-locking
- Locking
- Auto locking
What are carabiners made of? - ANSWER>>Steel or Aluminum
What is the Major Axis Breaking Strength of the carabiners? - ANSWER>>8,992 lbf (40Kn)
What to look for when inspecting a carabiner? - ANSWER>>- Dents
- Burrs
- Rust/corrosion
- Cracks and gouges
- Proper gate and lock function.
How to care for a carabiner? - ANSWER>>Remove burrs and sharp edges with small file or emery cloth
How to clean a carabiner? - ANSWER>>Clean with water and wipe dry with cloth
When to retire/remove a carabiner from service? - ANSWER>>- Deformed
- Gate fails to lock or sticks
- Cracked or gouged
- Dropped from head height
What are the components of a Brake Bar Rack? - ANSWER>>- An inverted U-shaped frame with a welded eye at one end and a nut on the other A series of bars with a hole in one end allowing the bars to move along the length of the side of the frame.
What does the Brake Bar Rack do? - ANSWER>>- Apply friction
