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Computer Memory and Buses: Types, Standards, and Technologies, Slides of Computer Fundamentals

An overview of computer memory and buses, including the functions of system and expansion buses, volatile and nonvolatile memory types, and external bus standards such as isa, pci, agp, usb, and ieee 1394. It also covers various memory modules and technologies like simm, dimm, rimm, sram, dram, rom, prom, eeprom, cmos memory, and flash memory.

Typology: Slides

2011/2012

Uploaded on 07/31/2012

karthik
karthik 🇮🇳

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The bus
Electronic pathway between components
Expansion bus connects to peripherals
System bus connects CPU and RAM
Bus width is measured in bits
Speed is tied to the clock
External bus standards
Industry Standard Architecture (ISA)
Local bus
Peripheral control interface (PCI)
Accelerated graphics port (AGP)
Universal serial bus (USB)
IEEE 1394 (FireWire)
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Download Computer Memory and Buses: Types, Standards, and Technologies and more Slides Computer Fundamentals in PDF only on Docsity!

The bus^ ◦

Electronic pathway between components

Expansion bus connects to peripherals

System bus connects CPU and RAM

Bus width is measured in bits

Speed is tied to the clock

External bus standards^ ◦

Industry Standard Architecture (ISA)

Local bus

Peripheral control interface (PCI)

Accelerated graphics port (AGP)

Universal serial bus (USB)

IEEE 1394 (FireWire)

Nonvolatile memory^ ◦

Holds data when power is off

Read Only Memory (ROM)

Basic Input Output System (BIOS)

Power On Self Test (POST)

Volatile memory^ ◦

Requires power to hold data

Random Access Memory (RAM)

Data in RAM has an address

CPU reads data using the address

CPU can read any address

Stores open programs and data

Small chips on the motherboard

More memory makes a computer faster

2 Basic types of RAM chips

o

Dynamic RAM (DRAM)

o

Also called main memory o

Most common type

o

Variation:

o

Synchronous DRAM

o

SDRAM

o

Double data rate SDRAM

o

DDRAM or SDRAM II

o

Direct Rambus DRAM

o

Direct RDRAM

o

Static RAM (SRAM)

o

Used for special applications such as cache o

Faster and more reliable than DRAM o

Does not need to be refreshed periodically

3 basic types of memory modules SIMM, DIMM

and RIMM

ROM^ ◦

Firmware: ROM chips with permanently written data

PROM: Programmable read-only memory

EEPROM: electrically erasable programmable read

only memory

CMOS memory (BIOS)^ 

Complementary metal-oxide memory

Stores configuration information about the computer

Uses a battery to retain the information

Flash memory^ ◦

Data is stored using physical switches

Special form of nonvolatile memory

Camera cards, USB key chains

Clock Speed

FLOPS

MIPS

Size of registers

Cache memory

System and I/O Bus

Computer’s Clock

PCI –Peripheral Component Interconnect

AGP –Accelerated Graphics Port

IDE –Integrated Drive Electronics

CMOS –Complementary Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor

BIOS –Basic Input/Output System

USB –Universal Serial Bus

ISA –Industry Standard Architecture