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An overview of the reconstruction amendments to the us constitution, which granted citizenship and equal protection under the law to african americans after the civil war. It also discusses the civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s, led by martin luther king jr., and the impact of his assassination on the struggle for equal rights.
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After the American civil war that was fought from 1961 to 1865, and the abolition of slavery in 1860s that succeded it, the Reconstruction Amendments to the Constitution of United States granted constitutional rights of citizenship to all African Americans. In 1868, the 14th Amendment to the Constitution gave Black people equal protection under the law. In 1870, the 15th Amendment granted Black Americans the right to vote. African American people were allowed to vote and hold political office, but they were increasingly deprived of civil rights.. The Civil War had officially abolished slavery, but it didn’t end discrimination against Black people. It wasn’t till 1950s until the civil rights movement started. The civil rights movement was a struggle for social justice which took place in 1950s and 1960s. This decade long struggle was to provide Black Americans equal rights under the law in the United States. Martin Luther King, Jr. was a well-known civil rights activist who had a great deal of influence on American society in the 1950s and 1960s. Martin Luther King Jr. advanced the movement with his well-spoken elegance and grace. In 1963, King and other leaders of the civil rights movement organized a huge march for equal rights in Washington, D.C. With a massive crowd of over 200, followers, the march protested racial discrimination in schools and the workforce. They demanded minimum wage for all workers. On April 4, 1968, Missouri State Penitentiary fugitive James Earl Ray assassinated the 39-year-old King, who was standing on the second-floor balcony of Memphis, Tennessee hotel, Lorraine Motel. Following King's murder, his wife and fellow activist Coretta Scott King continued their work towards justice by founding Atlanta's Martin Luther King Jr. Center for Nonviolent Social Change (also known as the King Center).