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KS3: Literacy. Booklet. Literacy Skills Builder: Year 8. Name: Form Group: ... Punctuate the following sentences, using capital letters and full stops.
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CAPITAL LETTERS AND FULL STOPS Every sentence begins with a capital letter and ends with a full stop, except when a question mark or exclamation mark is needed. Proper nouns- the names of important people, places or objects- also need a capital letter. A) Punctuate the following sentences, using capital letters and full stops where necessary.
B) Study the pictures below and then think up interesting, original exclamations for the speech bubbles. Remember to use an exclamation mark!
Direct questions end in a question mark. E.g. Are you going to the store?
1. Indirect questions DO NOT end in a question mark. E.g. I asked if you were going to the store**.
It was really dark and misty so visibility was poor. They arrived in a red Mercedes convertible. The driver was large and bald and had a tattoo of a skull on his arm. The two other men ran into the jewellery store, pulling ski masks over their faces as they did so. About three minutes later I heard a gunshot and the two men ran out, carrying several small black sacks. The car sped off in the direction of the freeway.
COLONS A colon is used to:
1. Introduce a list. E.g. He bought the groceries: eggs, butter, jam, sugar and pot noodles. 2. Introduce a title or quotation. E.g. His words echoed in my head: “Do unto others only good!” 3. Separate contrasting parts of a sentence. E.g. The good are saved: the bad are damned A) Punctuate the following sentences, inserting colons where necessary.
DIRECT SPEECH Direct speech is the exact words spoken. Inverted commas are used to mark the beginning and the end of the speech. Whenever a new person speaks, a new line must be started. E.g. “Hello, Tom!” John called. “Tom, my friend!” John exclaimed. “It is great to see you!” Direct speech that contains the word ‘SAID’ too often can appear flat and boring. Instead, use interesting words to describe the way the person is speaking. Maybe they are whispering or shouting or mumbling? A) Fill in the table below with as many words as possible that you can think of to replace the word ‘SAID’. A few examples have been done for you. LOUD SOFT POSITIVE NEGATIVE yelled murmured exclaimed moaned
B) In each of the following sentences, replace the word ‘SAID’ with a better word.
APOSTROPHES Apostrophes are used to show where letters have been left out of words. E.g. They’re = They are Can’t = Cannot I’ve= I have A) Firstly, identify the words that could be contracted (shortened) and then rewrite the passage so that it does not sound so formal. If you have nothing better to do with your free time, you are welcome to come and stay with us. You cannot imagine what fun we have here! I am not exaggerating when I say that it will be the best experience of your life! You will make new friends and they will remain your friends for life. Mr Toob, who is camp coordinator, is great! He has had many years experience and he will ensure that you have the time of your life! I have been to camp every summer for five years now and I am still finding something new to do every day. If you have not been to camp before, you should not worry as it is not a frightening experience and, if you feel afraid of any task, you do not have to try it. You need not buy expensive equipment either as we will provide everything you will need. It will be great to see you! B) Contract the following words. Write them in the space below: He is We will We are I am Does not You will Were not They have I will Have not It will Could not We would Let us When is You are Who is She would Will not cannot Shall not Are not Would not Do not They will Example: He is: He’s
C) Carefully study the differences between the words below and then use these words to fill in the spaces in the passage below. There’s (there is) They’re (they are) Their (belonging to them) There’s their kayak which they’re taking with them to the river Who’s (who is) Whose (possession) Who’s dating the girl whose sister is Miss New Zealand. You’re (you are) Your (possession) You’re going to lose your slice of cake if you do not eat it quickly. It’s (it is) its (possession) It’s time the cat ate its dinner. Now complete the passage below using the correct contractions: ________ the most popular actress of this decade? ________ about to find out! ________ pretty obvious that she is a person _________ acting skills equal her beauty. ________ guess might include people like Kiera Knightley or Julia Roberts, and, of course, ____________ very glamorous actresses. However, _________ one woman _________ head and shoulders above the rest. Film fans would all agree that ___________ favourite actress is Cameron Diaz, __________ comedy acting is all that ____________ talking about! There’s They’re Their Who’s Whose You’re Your It’s Its
B) Add apostrophes to these sentences where needed.
A sentence is a group of words that makes complete sense by itself. A sentence may be: A statement - ‘Today’s winner is Saul’ A question - ‘Who chose this tie?’ A command- ‘Give me all your money!’ An exclamation - ‘I don’t believe it!’ Sentences usually have a subject - who or what the rest of the sentence is about. Sentences also have an object - who or what has been affected by the action of the verb. A verb is a doing word. It forms the heart of every sentence. A) Circle the verbs in each sentence. Example: The teacher shouted at the naughty pupil.
The comma is a punctuation mark used: ∙ to indicate a slight pause between the different part of a sentence ∙ to mark off additional information about the subject of a sentence ∙ to separate the names of people spoken to ∙ to separate items in a list ∙ to separate two or more adjectives which define the same noun ∙ to separate the verb of saying from the words spoken in direct speech A) Add the necessary commas to the sentences
A paragraph is a group of sentences. These sentences talk about the same thing, or follow on from each other. Every time you start a new paragraph, you’re showing something new has happened: When you talk about a new person Each time a person speaks When you start writing about a new place When your answer moves to a different time. A) Write the letters of the paragraphs in the order in which they happened. A- He took us to the hall for an assembly where the Head welcomed us and made some jokes no one understood, and then we went to our form room. Our teacher really confused us with timetables and school rules. B- When the bell rang for the start of school we all had to line up in rows. Our form teacher came to collect us and showed us around the place. It didn’t look too bad and a gorgeous smell drifted out of the dinner hall. C- Before we knew it, it was break time. We ran into the playground and stuck together for safety. The rest of the day was a blur and when I got home I fell asleep in front of the television.