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Concepts About Print (CAP) ✔✔Assesses the literacy knowledge of kindergarten children and early first graders Skills Assessed: Book handling, directionality, word-by-word matching, and locating words in print Diagnostic Assessment ✔✔Assessment designed to determine and diagnose a student's strengths, weaknesses, knowledge and skills Formative Assessment ✔✔Assessment that provides teachers information about students thinking Informal Reading Inventory (IRI) ✔✔Survey designed to help a teacher determine a student's reading instructional needs Leveled Text ✔✔Levels of difficulty from the easy books that an emergent reader might begin with to the longer, complex books that advanced readers would need
OAE Foundations of Reading Latest 202 5 WITH ACTUAL QUESTIONS
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Miscue Analysis ✔✔A way of closely observing recording and analyzing oral reading behaviors to assess how the student is using specific reading strategies Portfolio ✔✔A collection of student's work Progress Monitoring ✔✔Observing or testing a student's progress and evaluating the instructional techniques. Goals are established and measured on a regular basis and instruction is adjusted as needed. Reading Miscue Inventory ✔✔(Running Records) a teacher records a child's reading behavior, noting miscues, self-corrections, substitutions, omissions, etc. Often used to determine advanced, instructional and frustration level of texts. Reliability ✔✔The dependability of a test, referring to its consistency of outcomes Screening Assessment ✔✔Given at the beginning of the school year to determine student's reading level
Concept of Print ✔✔The idea that print must be ordered and arranged systematically to communicate meaning effectively Digraphs ✔✔Two consecutive consonants that represent one phoneme Diphthong ✔✔A vowel produced by the tongue shifting positions during articulation Direct Instruction ✔✔The teacher defines and teaches a concept, guides students through its application, and arranges for extended guided practice until mastery is achieved Explicit instruction ✔✔The teacher's language is concise specific and related to the objective. Systematic instruction that involves teacher modeling and explanation then application and independent practice Grapheme ✔✔A letter or letter combination that spells a phoneme Implicit Strategy ✔✔Not directly stated in the text, but may be inferred from the text
Letter-Sound Correspondence ✔✔A phoneme associated with a letter Morpheme ✔✔The smallest meaningful unit of language Onset and rime ✔✔In a syllable, the onset is the initial consonant(s) and the rime is the vowel and any consonants that follow Ex: Sat has the onset "s" and the rime "at" Phoneme ✔✔The smallest unit of sound within our language system Phonics ✔✔A system of teaching reading and spelling that focuses on sound, syllable and letter relationships Phonemic Awareness ✔✔The ability to notice, think about and manipulate the individual phonemes in words Phonological Awareness ✔✔Covers a range of understandings related to sounds of words and word parts, including identifying and manipulating larger parts of spoken language
Phrasing ✔✔Breaking down bodies of writing into parts and then reading these parts literally Prosody ✔✔Reading with expression, proper intonation and phrasing Semantic Map ✔✔Portrays the relations that compose a concept, a strategy for graphically representing concepts Structural Analysis Skills ✔✔A procedure for teaching students to read words formed with prefixes, suffixes or other meaningful word parts Interactive Reading ✔✔A process where students interact with a text before during and after reading as they actively construct meaning from the text Before Reading Strategies ✔✔Includes activating prior knowledge, previewing a text, setting a purpose for reading and making predictions
During Reading Strategies ✔✔Includes modeling the thought process, making inferences, constructing mental images, monitoring comprehension, asking questions and making connections within texts After Reading Strategies ✔✔Includes summarizing, retelling, confirming predications, evaluation, connection and comparison across text Scaffolding ✔✔Temporary guidance and assistance enabling a student to perform a task they would not otherwise perform on their own, with a goal of student improvement and independence Schema ✔✔Knowledge and experience a reader brings to the text Synthesizing ✔✔The cognitive process of connecting and merging ideas from different parts of the same text or across different texts Text Features ✔✔Elements of a text the give additional information to the reader Includes: charts, diagrams, headings, captions, etc.
