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LETRS UNIT 1 ASSESSMENT
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
b. The Three Cueing Systems model omits or obscures the role of phonology. - correct answer What is one important distinction between the Four-Part Processing Model for Word Recognition and the Three Cueing Systems model? a. The Four-Part Processing Model emphasizes visual processes. b. The Three Cueing Systems model omits or obscures the role of phonology. c. The Three Cueing Systems model emphasizes the role of phonology. d. The Three Cueing Systems model omits semantic processing. d. both foundational reading skills and oral language development - correct answer Many students at risk for reading problems enter school without exposure to the academic language used in books or preschool experience. These students are most likely to make progress closing the reading and language gap if their classroom instruction emphasizes which of the following? a. oral language comprehension and reading aloud b. attending to context, including semantic and syntactic cues c. matching students with interesting reading material d. both foundational reading skills and oral language development a. early alphabetic - correct answer A beginning first-grade student is able to segment and pronounce the first sound in a spoken word. He tries to guess at words by looking at the first letter only. When he writes words, he spells a few sounds phonetically, but not all the sounds. According to Ehri, this student is most likely in which phase of word-reading development? a. early alphabetic b. later alphabetic c. prealphabetic d. consolidated alphabetic
b. phonology - correct answer A kindergarten teacher is having students listen to three spoken words and identify the two words that end with the same sound. The teacher is focusing on which language system? a. morphology b. phonology c. orthography d. semantics d. Determine if the students need remediation in word recognition, language comprehension, or both. - correct answer Considering the Simple View of Reading, what would be the BEST course of action for a third-grade teacher with concerns about several students who have not achieved fluency? a. Observe whether students are able to work on several subskills at once. b. Verify that students have been engaged in independent reading at home for 20 minutes every day. c. Increase demand on students to improve their passage reading rate. d. Determine if the students need remediation in word recognition, language comprehension, or both. a. primary difficulties with phonology, decoding, and word recognition - correct answer In any first-grade classroom in a typical school in the United States, approximately one-third of students are likely to score in the "basic" or "below basic" range. The largest proportion of those students is likely to show which characteristics? a. primary difficulties with phonology, decoding, and word recognition b. primary difficulties with phonology only c. primary difficulties with automatic word recognition only d. primary difficulties with language comprehension only b. Reading problems can be treated as easily in third grade as in first grade. - correct answer Which of the following statements is FALSE with regard to an effective implementation of a multi-tiered system of supports (MTSS)?
b. semantics - correct answer A second-grade teacher, in preparation for reading a new text about honeybees, asks the students to brainstorm all the meanings they know for the word comb. The teacher is primarily focusing on which language system? a. phonology b. semantics c. orthography d. morphology c. Skilled readers perceive all letters when they read. - correct answer Experiments that use modern eye-movement technology to investigate what the eye "sees" when a proficient reader scans and comprehends a text have made what important discovery? a. Good readers skim a text, perceiving just a few letters. b. Good readers are dependent on context to identify words. c. Skilled readers perceive all letters when they read. d. The perceptual span of a good reader is triple that of a poor reader. Which statement best describes the relationship between reading comprehension and word decoding in a beginning reader's development? - correct answer Accurate, fast word recognition is necessary for development of reading fluency and text comprehension. Near the close of the day, a kindergarten teacher guides the students in conversation about the day's activities. She writes down what is said on large chart paper, then reads it to the class. This activity would aid their literacy development primarily by promoting which skill? - correct answer phonological awareness What is the most important implication of the Four-Part Processiong Model for Word Recognition? - correct answer Reading depends on constructing pathways between the phonological, orthographic, and meaning processors.
After results of a winter screening, six second-graders scored in the "somewhat at risk" range. What is the next step the teacher team should take? - correct answer Analyze the screening results and gather additional diagnostic assessment data. How is the word sn-ow divided? - correct answer onset - rime How many spoken syllables are there in frightening? - correct answer Three How many spoken syllables are there in cleaned? - correct answer Two What is the main reason that the ability to identify, segment, blend, and manipulate individual phonemes in spoken words is important for reading an alphabetic writing system? - correct answer Each letter in a word represents an individual phoneme Students with relative weaknesses in basic phonemic awareness are most likely to make progress if the teacher provides which practice? - correct answer asks students to look into a mirror while they describe the way that target phonemes are formed in the mouth Which student is demonstrating the most advanced level of phonemic awareness? - correct answer the student substituting a sound in a given word and saying the new word A student spells skin as sgin. What type of phonological error did she make? - correct answer substitution of a voiced for an unvoiced consonant Having students listen to a word, say it, and then mentally reverse the sounds in the word is an instructional activity that would be most appropriate for which students? - correct answer those who have mastered basic phonemic awareness
d. social interactions Which of these literacy skills have students typically mastered by the end of third grade? Select all that apply. - correct answer a. advanced phonemic awareness b. Greek-derived morphemes c. inflectional morphology d. fluent recognition of word families (rime patterns) Cody is in first grade. He almost never raises his hand to participate in class discussions. When called on, he replies very briefly. He tends to use vague words like stuff and rarely uses full sentences. During decoding exercises, he reads words accurately and easily recognizes common patterns; he is a good speller. When he reads stories aloud, he reads fairly accurately but in an expressionless monotone. Which assessment would be most likely to yield valuable information about Cody? - correct answer a. administering a phonics survey b. reading a story to him and having him orally retell it c. examining samples of his writing d. administering a timed oral reading fluency assessment Large-scale studies have show that about half of first-graders who struggle with reading will catch up by third grade without any special interventions. - correct answer False What is the primary purpose of progress-monitoring assessments? - correct answer They help teachers determine if a particular instructional approach is working to bring a student closer to a target level of reading skill. Which characteristics describe typical outcome assessments? Select all that apply. - correct answer a. designed to measure passage comprehension c. useful for comparing individuals to norms for a given age or grade level Which is a common limitation of screening measures? - correct answer The imprecision of the measures results in false positives- children identified as
lacking sufficient reading skills even though they will later develop adequate reading skills. For an assessment to be useful in a school setting, which three psychometric criteria are the most important? - correct answer reliable, valid, efficient A student with dyslexia may also be intellectually gifted - correct answer true Students who are slow at word reading and text reading, but can segment and blend sounds orally, typically have better outcomes than students with phonological processing deficits. - correct answer True Dyslexic is a term often applied to a large subset of poor readers. These readers' difficulties with accurate, fluent word recognition originate primarily with deficits in which of the following? - correct answer phonological processing Which of the following can pose challenges for readers who are English Learners (ELs)? Select all that apply. - correct answer a. Compared to native English speakers, ELs have fewer English words in their phonological lexicons b. ELs may encounter passages that do not align well with their culture and background knowledge. d. When they read, ELs must perform two tasks at once: deciphering words and translating content between English and their first language. About 10-15 percent of poor readers can decode and read individual words quickly and well and can spell accurately-yet struggle to comprehend the meanings of passages. This profile is typical of students with which coexisting disorder? - correct answer autism and autism spectrum disorders What skill is most important for a student just learning to read? - correct answer accurate decoding
During reading, our eyes process each word letter by letter. - correct answer true How many letters does the eye normally take in at each fixation point before moving on to the fixation point? - correct answer 7-9 to the right 3-4 to the left The four-part processing model helps us understand __________ - correct answer how multiple parts of the brain must work together in order for word recognition to occur The are known as the visual word form are or "brain's letterbox" is located in the _______ lobe and is essential to the ________ processor. - correct answer occipital; orthographic What are some symptoms of children who have trouble with phonological processing? - correct answer a. slow to blend sounds in words together c. difficulty remembering sounds for letters d. trouble spelling speech sounds for words Which statement best describes the relative importance of oral reading fluency and verbal comprehension as factors in reading comprehension? - correct answer As children get older, verbal comprehension becomes more important than oral reading fluency Which o these is an example of morphology - correct answer We know the words unique, uniform, united, and universe all contain the root uni, meaning "one" Which is a characteristic of discourse in spoken language? - correct answer it does not use paragraphs and tends to be disorganized How does the language system of pragmatics help us to understand why written language is mores structured than spoken language? - correct answer Social context and nonverbal gestures help the listener understand spoken language, so there is less need for it to be highly structured
What adds to the challenge of becoming literate? Select all that apply - correct answer a. All meaning reside sin the written words alone; there is no additional physical context or gestures, facial expressions, etc., to support meaning b. reading and writing require learning new forms of language, such as changes to sentence structure, discourse, and presentation of vocabulary and semantics According to the 2015 National Assessment of Educational Progress, what percentage of fourth-grade students have score "basic" or "below basic" in reading? - correct answer 64% nationally, with African-American and Hispanic students making up a disproportionate amount Reading comprehension is not a single construct. Rather, the ability to understand what you read relies on multiple components. Once readers become more skilled in word recognition, which of the following components increase in their importance? - correct answer background knowledge and vocabulary Which statement most accurately describes how the human brain has evolved to process spoken and written language? - correct answer our brains have evolved to process spoken language much more easily than alphabetic writing What characteristic makes English a "deep" alphabetic orthography? - correct answer Its spelling system represents meaningful parts (morphemes) as well as sounds According to the Simple View of Reading model, which is more important to reading comprehension - word recognition or language comprehension? - correct answer Both are equally important
